Path Ch 1 Health and Disease

1. Which one of the following statements is true?

A. Anatomic pathology is related to functional abnormalities.

B. Clinical pathology is related to structural abnormalities.

C. Etiology is related to the end result of disease.

D. An abnormal test is not necessarily a true indicator of disease.

D

2. Which one of the following indicates the actual presence of disease?

A. True positive test

B. True negative test

C. False positive test

D. False negative test

A

3. Which one of the following refers to the actual presence of disease?

A. Normal test

B. Abnormal test

C. Sick

D. Healthy

C

4. Which one of the following statements is true?

A. For many laboratory tests, "normal" is defined as the mean plus or minus one standard deviation.

B. Some healthy (well) people may have abnormal test results.

C. All sick people have abnormal test results.

D. Some people with true negative test results may be sick.

B

5. Which one of the following statements is true?

A. For most laboratory test results, the degree of abnormality is not important.

B. For many laboratory tests 5% of healthy (well) people will have a normal result.

C. The average of a group of test results is the same as the range of values in the group.

D. Standard deviation is a measure of the degree of natural variability of test results.

D

7. A 72-year-old Caucasian female was admitted to the hospital for treatment of pneumonia. During a physical exam several days after her admission, you notice a patch of small red boils. Culture of the boils demonstrates methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, a bacteria commonly acquired by hospital patients. What is this type of infection an example of?

A. Iatrogenic transmission

B. Idiopathic etiology

C. Nosocomial transmission

D. Subclinical infection

C

6. Which of the following is the number of people with an illness or complication of an illness at any given moment?

A. Incidence of mortality

B. Incidence of morbidity

C. Prevalence of mortality

D. Prevalence of morbidity

D

8. A 45-year-old Caucasian male is admitted to the ICU in critical condition. He was recovering from his appendectomy when he began to complain of abdominal pain and diarrhea. A stool test was positive for C. dificile toxin, likely caused by his recent antibiotic therapy. The cause of his infection is said to be which of the following?

A. Idiopathic

B. Iatrogenic

C. Nosocomial

D. Inevitable

B

9. A 10-year-old Hispanic male is brought to the pediatrician's office by his mother. He tells you that he "sort of hurts all over," but denies specific symptoms including diarrhea, sore throat, runny nose, and/or vomiting. His mother reports that he has been eating less and sleeping more. What phase of illness is he most likely in?

A. Incubation period

B. Latent period

C. Prodromal period

D. Recovery

C

10. A patient undergoes a routine blood screen for evaluation of his glucose level. The test is an example of what type of pathology?

A. Clinical pathology

B. Anatomical pathology

C. Structural pathology

D. Cytology

A

11. True or False? The ability of a test to be positive in the presence of disease is test sensitivity.

True

12. True or False? The ability of a test to be negative in the absence of disease is specificity.

True

13. True or False? The more specific a test, the more likely it is to produce false negatives.

True

14. True or False? The more sensitive a test, the more likely it is to produce false positives.

True

15. True or False? A positive test is more likely to be truly positive (have a high predictive value) when the test is performed on a population with high prevalence of disease.

True

16. True or False? When ordering multiple tests in sequence, it is best to start with a highly specific test.

False

17. True or False? Normal test results and abnormal test results show whether or not the patient is healthy.

False

18. True or False? Some sick people may have normal tests.

True

19. True or False? Some people with true positive tests may be healthy.

False

20. True or False? The more specific a test, the more sensitive it is also.

False

21. True or False? Symptoms are direct observations of a patient by an examiner.

False

22. True or False? All disease results from injury.

True

23. True or False? The majority of disease is multifactorial.

True

24. True or False? A syndrome is a distinctive collection of symptoms, signs, and test data.

True

Sick

A. Normal test results

B. Abnormal test results

C. Test results not necessarily normal or abnormal.

C. Test results not necessarily normal or abnormal.

Well

A. Normal test results

B. Abnormal test results

C. Test results not necessarily normal or abnormal.

C.Test results not necessarily normal or abnormal.

True positive

A. Normal test results

B. Abnormal test results

C. Test results not necessarily normal or abnormal.

B. Abnormal test results

True negative

A. Normal test results

B. Abnormal test results

C. Test results not necessarily normal or abnormal.

A. Normal test results

Greater than 2 standard deviations from the mean

A. Normal test results

B. Abnormal test results

C. Test results not necessarily normal or abnormal.

B. Abnormal test results

Structural abnormality

A. Clinical pathology

B. Anatomic pathology

C. Cause of disease

D. Development of disease

B

Functional abnormality

A. Clinical pathology

B. Anatomic pathology

C. Cause of disease

D. Development of disease

A

Etiology

A. Clinical pathology

B. Anatomic pathology

C. Cause of disease

D. Development of disease

C Cause of disease

Pathogenesis

A. Clinical pathology

B. Anatomic pathology

C. Cause of disease

D. Development of disease

D Development of disease

Pathophysiology **

A. Clinical pathology

B. Anatomic pathology

C. Cause of disease

D. Development of disease

A Clinical pathology

Quiet period of the disease

A. Onset

B. Prodromal period

C. Remission

D. Latent period

C Remission

Period of minor, nonspecific aches, dizziness, or other indication

A. Onset

B. Prodromal period

C. Remission

D. Latent period

B Prodromal period

Beginning of disease

A. Onset

B. Prodromal period

C. Remission

D. Latent period

A Onset

Subclinical state of disease

A. Onset

B. Prodromal period

C. Remission

D. Latent period

D Latent period

Period of increased intensity of a disease

A. Exacerbation

B. Sequelae

C. Recovery

D. Complications

A Exacerbation

Period during which health improves

A. Exacerbation

B. Sequelae

C. Recovery

D. Complications

C Recovery

Delayed adverse outcomes of a disease

A. Exacerbation

B. Sequelae

C. Recovery

D. Complications

D Complications

A period of increased intensity of disease

A. Exacerbation

B. Sequelae

C. Recovery

D. Complications

A Exacerbation

1,000,000 people currently have disease X

A. Incidence

B. Prevalence

C. Morbidity

D. Mortality

B Prevalence

Half of patients diagnosed with disease X will have complications

A. Incidence

B. Prevalence

C. Morbidity

D. Mortality

C Morbidity

Every year another 100,000 people will contract disease X

A. Incidence

B. Prevalence

C. Morbidity

D. Mortality

A Incidence

One-third of patients with disease X will die of the disease

A. Incidence

B. Prevalence

C. Morbidity

D. Mortality

D Mortality