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How did Stalin show that he would carry on the goals of revolution
By preserving Lenin’s body
How did Stalin’s rule differ from Karl Marx’s beliefs
Stalin made a totalitarian state
Marx thought that the state would wither away with communism
What were Stalins five year plans
to build heavy industry, improve transportation, and increase farm output
What did Stalin do to achieve his five year plans
Brought all economic activity under control of the government
The government owned all businesses and distributed all resources
Developed a command economy
Set high production goals
Rewarded workers who succeeded and punished those who didnt
Command economy
Government officials made all basic economic decisions
Results of stalins five year plans
Large factories, hydroelectric power stations, and huge industrial complexes were built
Oil, coal, and steel production rose
Mining expanded and new railroads were built
Famines
Standard of living in Soviet Union
Low
Wages were low
Workers were forbidden to strike
Consumer goods were scarce
Shortages of some goods and surpluses of others
Managers made large quantities of low-quality goods
Stalins plans for agriculture
Brought agriculture under government control to produce more grain to feed workers in the cities
Collectives
Large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
How did peasants revolt against collectives
Killing farm animals
Destroying tools
Burning crops
Only growing enough grain for themselves
Kulaks
Wealthy farmers
What did Stalin do to the kulaks
Confiscated their land
Sent them to forced labor camps where thousands were executed or died from overwork
What led to the terror famine
The government took grain from peasants to feed workers in the cities
Poor harvests
What remained a main issue in the Soviet Union
Feeding people
what did Stalin do to create terror
Terror famine
Secret police
Torture
Violent purges
Constricted the press
Sent people to the gulag
Used propaganda
Imposed Russian culture on minorities
Replaced religion with communist ideology
Reduced art
The gulag
A system of brutal labor camps where many died
The Great Purge
Action n 1934 by Stalin to crack down on rival party leaders who he thought were plotting against him
He targeted Old Bolsheviks
Later targeted army heroes, industrial managers, writers, and ordinary citizens
Many of those who were charged were never tried, just sent to the gulag
Old Bolsheviks
Party activists from the early days of the revolution
Show trials
Former communist leaders confessed to all kinds of crimes after officials tortured them or threatened their families or friends
Impact of the great purge
Increased stalins power
Destroyed older generations and replaced them with new generations who had absolute loyalty to Stalin
Killed the Soviet Union’s experts in industry, economics, and engineers and talented writers and thinkers
Killed most of the nations military leaders and about half of its military officers
How did Stalin try to boost morale and faith in the communist system
By making himself a godlike figure
Used propaganda to build up a cult of personality around himself
Socialist realism
Required style by artists and writers
Goal was to show Soviet life in a positive light
Osip Mandelstam
Jewish poet who was prisoner, tortured, and exiled for composing a satirical verse about Stalin
Later submitted to threats and wrote an “ode to Stalin”
Boris Pasternak
Writer who became famous for his novel Doctor Zhivago
Was afraid to publish anything during the Stalin years
Translated foreign works instead
How did stalin’s nationalist policies change toward republics
He at first allowed other republics of the Soviet Union to have autonomy
Later systematically promoted Russian culture in late 1920s
Required Russian language to be used in schools and businesses
Many Russian citizens were sent to live in other republics to spread Russian customs
What was the religious policy of Stalin
Atheism
Converted churches to offices and museums
Religious leaders were killed in purges or sent to die in prison camps
Tried to replace religion with communist ideology
Benefits for citizens
Children were required to go to school
The state supported technical schools and universities
Set up programs of sports, cultural activities, and political classes for teenagers outside of school
Provided free medical care, daycare, inexpensive housing, and public recreation
Bread was plentiful but meat and fresh fruit was in short supply
When did women win equality
1917
Women’s rights in Soviet Union
Gained access to education and a wide range of jobs
Many women were working in medicine, engineering, or the sciences by the 1930s
Earned the same low salaries as men
Two different foreign policies in Soviet Union
Communists wanted to bring about a worldwide revolution
Soviets wanted to guarantee their nations security and win the support of other countries
Comintern
Movement by Lenin in 1919 to encourage worldwide revolution
What did the Soviet Union want in foreign relations
Wanted international recognition and trade with capitalist countries
Later set up diplomatic ties and joined the League of Nations