Acids and bases

basically

Acid examples

Grapefruit, lemon, vinegar, yogurt, pop, black tea, battery acid, stomach acid, etc.

Base examples?

Eggplant, kale, unsweetened chocolate, baking soda, antacids, cleaning products, etc

Acids taste…

sour

Bases taste…

bitter

The texture of acids is…

not specific; no specific texture

The texture of bases is…

slippery

Acids produce what when dissolved with water?

Hydrogen ion H⁺

Bases produce what when dissolved with water?

Hydroxide ions OH^-

Acid corrosion…

Living tissue and metal

Base corrosion…

Living tissue

Acid pH

<7

Base pH

>7

What is an acid?

A compound that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

What is a base?

A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

Acids turn litmus paper…

Red

Bases turn litmus paper…

Blue

Why do we test both red and blue litmus paper?

In case substance is neutral.

Higher on the pH

More basic

Lower on the pH

More acidic

When the pH changes by 1…

the strength of the acid or base increases by 10. EX: pH 3 is 10² more acidic than pH 5; pH 12 is 10³ more basic than 10⁹

Neutral pH?

7

What is neutralization?

A special type of double displacements that results in water and a salt.

Acid + Base —> salt + water

What are binary acids?

Acids that contain 2 elements

What are oxyacids?

Acids that have polyatomics.

How to name a binary acid?

1. write root of non-metal (ex: chloride)

2. Add prefix hydro (ex: hydrochloride)

3. Change root ending to “ic” (ex: hydrochloric)

4. Add acid at the end (ex: hydrochloric acid)

How to name an oxyacid?

1. Write the polyatomic name (ex: nitrate)

2. Sub “ate” to “ic” (ex: nitric)

   1. If 1 less oxygen, change ite to ous (ex: nitrous)

3. Add acid (ex: nitric acid; nitrous acid)

Sulfur or sulfate?

Keep the sulfur and add ending (ex: sulfuric not sulfic)

Phosphate or phosphorus?

Phosphoric

How to name a base?

Use normal ionic compound naming conventions

Aqueous?

Acids usually, bases are sometimes.