Romanesque Architecture

Romanesque

Means “roman-like”.

Romanesque

It refers to the architecture of the 11th and 12th centuries in medieval Europe to Roman Architecture, based on similarities of forms and amterials.

Carolingian Architecture

It is the style of North European Pre-Romanesque architecture.

Ottonian Architecture

It is an architectural style which evolved during the reign of Emperor Otto the Great.

Romanesque

Which architectural style is characterized by sober and dignified forms, dark and solemn spaces, simple and severe exteriors, modest height, horizontal lines, multiple units, and blind / false arches?

Roman and Byzantine Architecture

Romanesque architecture is a combination of what architectural influences?

Stone, bricks, marble, tera cotta and ready-made columns

What are the common materials used in Romanesque construction?

Southern

Which climatic region is associated with small windows and flatter roofs in Romanesque architecture?

Northern

Which climatic region is associated with larger windows and high-pitched roofs in Romanesque architecture?

Lozenge

Diamond-shaped decorative pattern found at the top of a fan vault.

Transverse Ridge Rib

Rib that runs transversely across the nave, separating one bay from another.

Abutment

supports the outward thrust (abutment) of a barrel vault.

Fan Vault

Rib Vault

Groin Vault

Barrel Vault

Church

The main building symbolizing God’s Kingdom.

Apse

Holiest part of a church.

Circle

Which geometric shape symbolized perfection and was therefore associated with God in Christian churches?

Square

What geometric shape symbolizes the earthly realm / related to human?

Latin Cross

Typical plan shape of a Romanesque church.

Monasteries

Designed as a microcosm, as the City of God.

Cloister

A covered walkway surrounding an open courtyard in a monastery.

Abott

Head of monastery.

Refectory

Dining hall in a monastery.

St. Gallen Monastery, Switzerland

One of the most important spiritual centers of Europe. It was rightly designated a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 1983.

St. Gallen Monastery, Switzerland

Castle

Used for defensive purposes, providing shelter and often built on elevated or stepped areas for easier defense.

Keep

Main stronghold/tower; provided shelter and final defense.

Ward

Enclosed area surrounding the keep, containing buildings and open space.

Moat

Ditch surrounding the castle, used as a defensive barrier.

Worms Cathedral, Rhineland, Germany

Also known as the Cathedral of St. Peter. It is claimed to be the representative cathedral of the period due to its castle-like features.

Worms Cathedral, Rhineland, Germany

Notre Dame du Port, Clermont, France

Founded by Bishop of Clermont, Avitus of Clermont.

Notre Dame du Port, Clermont, France

Wheel Window

A rose window having distinctly radiating mullions or bars. Also called Catherine Wheel, marigold window.

Tympanum

The space between an arch and the horizontal of a door or window below, often decorated with sculpture.

Trumeau

A column supporting the tympanum of a doorway as its center.

Order

Any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an arch, especially when each projects the one below. Looks like stairs.

Tabernacle

A canopied recess for a religious image or icon.

Santiago De Compostela, Galicia, Spain

Houses the relics of Apostle St. James and the Portico de la Gloria.

Santiago De Compostela, Galicia, Spain

Durham Cathedral, England

Has a symmetrical Latin cross plan. Two towers were built on the main façade, while the third tower is located at the intersection of the four arms of the cross. The central tower is the tallest.

Durham Cathedral, England

Durham Cathedral, England

Which cathedral is considered one of the earliest examples of the use of ribbed vaults?

Worcester Cathedral, England

Rebuilt in the Romanesque style by Bishop Wulfstan. The east and west was rebuilt in the Early English Gothic style.

Bishop Wulfsta

Who rebuilt Worcester Cathedral in the Romanesque style?

Worcester Cathedral, England

Canterbury Cathedral, England

Canterbury Cathedral, England

One of the oldest and most historic Christian structures in England. Originally established by St. Augustine of Canterbury.

Loarre Castle, Aragon, Spain

One of the oldest castles in Spain. It has an irregular floor plan and a double wall with cylindrical towers.

Loarre Castle, Aragon, Spain

Rochester Castle, Kent, England

One of the best preserved and finest examples of Norman architecture in England. It’s great keep, square, massive and one of the tallest in the country.

Rochester Castle, Kent, England

Cardiff Castle, England

The stone shell keep replaced an original wooden structure in the mid 12th century, the tower that defends the gatehouse is 17.02m high.

Cardiff Castle, England

Pisa Cathedral, Tuscany, Italy

One of the finest of the Romanesque period and has a strongly marked individuality.

Pisa Cathedral, Tuscany, Italy

This resembles other early Basilican churches in plan, with long rows of columns connected by arches, double aisles, and a nave which has the usual timber roof.

Pisa Cathedral, Tuscany, Italy

Buscheto

Architect of the Pisa Cathedral.

Pisan Romanesque

What architectural style is exemplified by the Pisa Cathedral?

White and Gray Marble

Primary material used for the façade of Pisa Cathedral.

4 rows

How many rows of open galleries does the façade of Pisa Cathedral have?

Pisa Baptistery, Tuscany, Italy

Diotisalvi

Architect of the Pisa Baptistery.

Romanesque

What architectural style is the lower section of the Pisa Baptistery?

Gothic

What architectural style is the upper section of the Pisa Baptistery?

White Marble

What is the primary material used for the façade of the Pisa Baptistery?

Pisa Campanile “Leaning Tower of Pisa”, Tuscany, Italy

Bonanno Pisano

Architect of Pisan Campanile.

Pisa Campanile “Leaning Tower of Pisa”, Tuscany, Italy

Free standing bell tower, known worldwide for its uninteded tilt.

3.97 degrees

What is the angle of slant of the Pisa Campanile?

Pisa Camposanto, Tuscany, Italy

Giovanni di Simone

Architect of Pisa Camposanto.

43

The outer wall of Pisa Camposanto is composed of _______ blind arches.

Pisa Camposanto, Tuscany, Italy

It is also known as “holy field”.

2600m2 frescoes

What are the walls of the Pisa Camposanto covered with?

Wheel Window

A rose window having distinctly radiating mullions or bars. Also called Catherine Wheel / Marigold Window.

Wheel Window / Catherine Window / Marigold Window

Tympanum

The space between an arch and the horizontal head of a door or window below, often decorated with sculpture.

Tympanum

Trumeau

A column supporting the tympanum of a doorway as its center.

Trumeau

Order

Any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an arch, especially when each projects the one below.

Order

Tabernacle

A canopied recess for a religious image or icon.

Tabernacle

Campanile

A bell tower, usually near but not attached to the body of a church.