1.6 Sleeping Disorders

Dyssomnia

Problems in quantity, timing, and quality of sleep

Parasomnia

Abnormal behaviors or physiological events that occur during sleep

Stage 1 (N1): Light Sleep

Stage of wakefulness to sleep

Stage 2 (N2): Deep Sleep

Stage with sleep spindles and k-complexes that comprises 50% of sleep

Stage 3 (N3): Deeper Sleep

Slow wave sleep that is also the deepest level of sleep

Stage 4 (N4): REM Sleep

Stage where majority of dreams occur (20-25% of total sleep)

Insomnia

Sleeping disorder mostly about bad sleep quantity, quality, or timing

At least 3 nights per week for at least 3 months

How long does should symptoms of insomnia last?

Rebound Insomnia

Sleeping disorder where sleep problems keep reappearing but sometimes worse

Episodic, Persistent, & Recurrent

Specifiers of Insomnia

Hypersomnolence Disorder

Excessive sleepiness despite sleeping for at least 7 hours

At least 3 times per week for at least 3 months

How long should symptoms of Hypersomnolence Disorder last?

Mild, Moderate, & Severe

Specifiers of Hypersomnolence Disorder

Narcolepsy

Sleeping disorder with recurrent periods of an irresponsible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping occurring within the same day usually with cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency, or rapid eye movement sleep latency ≤15 minutes on a multiple sleep latency test

At least 3 times per week for at least 3 months

How long should symptoms of Narcolepsy last

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

Sleeping disorder with at least 4 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour sleep with excessive daytime sleepiness and evidence from polysomnography

Mild, Moderate, & Severe

Specifiers of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

Central Sleep Apnea

Sleep disorder with evidence of polysomnography of 5 or more central apneas per hour of sleep

Idiopathic Central Sleep Apnea

Sleep disorder with apneas and hypopneas caused by variability in respiratory effort but without evidence of airway obstruction

Chyne-Strokes Breathing

Sleep disorder with an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressive, deeper, and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease, results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea

Sleep-Related Hypoventilation

Sleeping disorder with polysomnography that demonstrates episodes of decreased respiration associated with elevated carbon dioxide levels

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

Sleeping disorder with mismatch between the individual's internal sleep-wake cycle and the desired or required sleep-wake schedule

Episodic, Persistent, & Recurrent

Specifiers of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

NREM Sleep Arousal Disorders

Sleep disorder with incomplete awakening from sleep through sleepwalking or sleep terrors. They usually can't remember what happens

Nightmare Disorder

Sleeping Disorder repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Sleeping disorder with repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors

Restless Legs Behavior

3 times per week for at least 3 months

How long should symptoms of Restless Legs Behavior last?