Human Body Systems

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to human body systems and their functions.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.

Circulatory System

Responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients around the body and removing wastes.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and have thick, elastic walls.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart and contain one-way valves.

Capillaries

Microscopic blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.

Digestive System

The system responsible for breaking down food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed.

Nutrients

Substances in food that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair.

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, involved in moving food down by peristalsis.

Stomach

Muscular bag where chemical and mechanical digestion occur, food is stored for about 4 hours.

Small Intestine

Tube where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs; lined with villi for nutrient uptake.

Large Intestine

Absorbs water from undigested food, where materials become more solid.

Respiratory System

System that moves air into and out of the lungs for gas exchange.

Alveoli

Air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Nervous System

The body’s communication center that regulates behavior and maintains homeostasis.

Endocrine System

System that produces hormones to regulate body activities and maintain homeostasis.

Hormones

Chemical signals produced by glands that control various functions in the body.

Skeletal System

Provides structure, protects organs, and facilitates movement along with muscles.

Muscular System

Allows for movement, consists of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

Reproductive System

Produces gametes (sperm and eggs) and allows for the continuation of the species.