communicahbl chn

What infection affects the gastrointestinal tract, specifically causing ulceration of Peyer's patches, and presents with step-ladder fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, and sometimes rose spots on the abdomen?

Typhoid Fever

What acute diarrheal disease is characterized by profuse watery diarrhea that becomes rice-water stool, leading to rapid dehydration, sunken eyes, weak pulse, metabolic acidosis, and can result in death within hours if untreated?

Cholera

What gastrointestinal infection caused by Shigella species is characterized by bloody mucoid diarrhea, tenesmus, cramping abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss, and is commonly transmitted via the fecal-oral route?

Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)

What acute viral infection can cause flaccid paralysis, often beginning with fever, headache, muscle pain, and stiffness of the neck and spine, with severe cases showing paralysis of limbs and sometimes respiratory muscles?

Poliomyelitis

What viral liver disease transmitted through the fecal-oral route presents with right upper quadrant pain, anorexia, malaise, followed by jaundice, acholic stool, and tea-colored urine?

Hepatitis A

What parasitic infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica is characterized by foul-smelling watery diarrhea, sometimes with blood and mucus, colicky abdominal pain, weight loss, and may progress to intestinal perforation?

Amoebiasis

What helminthic infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, malnutrition, and sometimes intestinal obstruction due to a heavy worm load?

Ascariasis

What chronic respiratory infection produces tubercles, caseation necrosis, night sweats, low-grade afternoon fever, hemoptysis, weight loss, and persistent cough?

Tuberculosis

What highly contagious disease presents with prodromal fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik's spots, followed by a maculopapular rash that spreads from the face to the trunk?

Measles (Rubeola)

What mild viral illness presents with low-grade fever, lymph node enlargement, and a pink rash beginning on the face and spreading downward, with Forchheimer spots on the soft palate as a hallmark?

German Measles (Rubella)

What highly contagious viral disease begins with mild fever, followed by vesicular lesions in different stages starting on the trunk and spreading outward?

Chickenpox (Varicella)

What painful illness caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus presents with burning pain and unilateral vesicular eruptions along a dermatomal pattern?

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

What disease presents with sudden swelling of one or both parotid glands, fever, ear pain, and may progress to orchitis in males, causing testicular swelling and tenderness?

Mumps

What illness causes repeated spasmodic coughing, often with a series of rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched 'whoop', sometimes causing cyanosis and post-cough vomiting?

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

What acute bacterial infection causes grayish-white pseudomembrane formation on the throat, bull neck, fever, and poses a risk for toxic myocarditis?

Diphtheria

What life-threatening condition is marked by acute fever, stiff neck, petechial rashes, altered mental state, and is caused by Neisseria meningitidis?

Meningococcemia / Meningitis

What infection causes unilateral painful vesicles, nerve pain, and complications like ophthalmic involvement leading to blindness or genicular involvement leading to deafness?

Herpes Zoster

What severe bacterial illness caused by Clostridium tetani is characterized by lockjaw, muscle rigidity, difficulty swallowing, and painful spasms triggered by stimuli?

Tetanus

What viral disease transmitted by animal bites causes fear of water, aerophobia, painful throat spasms, excess salivation, and eventually paralysis and death?

Rabies

What mosquito-borne parasitic disease is marked by cycles of fever and chills, profuse sweating, splenomegaly, anemia, and in severe cases blackwater fever?

Malaria

What viral mosquito-transmitted infection causes high fever, severe body pain, rash, positive tourniquet test, and in severe stages bleeding, shock, and thrombocytopenia?

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

What bacterial infection from floodwater contaminated with rat urine causes high fever, myalgia, conjunctival suffusion, jaundice, kidney failure, and bleeding tendencies?

Leptospirosis

What parasitic disease from snail-infested waters causes swimmer's itch, bloody diarrhea, enlarged liver and spleen, and complications like portal hypertension and hematemesis?

Schistosomiasis

What chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae presents with hypopigmented anesthetic skin patches, loss of eyebrows, nerve damage, and hand/foot deformities?

Leprosy

What chronic viral infection attacks the immune system, causing weight loss, chronic diarrhea, oral thrush, Kaposi sarcoma, and is diagnosed when CD4 count is less than 200?

HIV/AIDS

What sexually transmitted bacterial infection causes purulent urethral discharge, dysuria, pelvic inflammatory disease, and complications like infertility?

Gonorrhea

What bacterial STD begins with a painless chancre, progresses to a rash on palms and soles, and later causes gummas, neurologic symptoms, and aortic aneurysm if untreated?

Syphilis

What viral liver disease from blood and body fluids presents with jaundice, pruritus, fatigue, right upper quadrant pain, and risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer?

Hepatitis B

What viral respiratory disease that caused an outbreak in 2002 presents with flu-like symptoms, dry cough, progressive respiratory distress, and patchy lung infiltrates on chest X-ray?

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

What respiratory illness presents with prodromal fever, conjunctivitis, photophobia, followed by a descending rash and Koplik spots inside the cheek?

Measles

What disease is characterized by severe spasms of skeletal muscles, starting with trismus (lockjaw) and leading to stiffness in the neck and abdomen, often triggered by sound, light, or touch, and commonly associated with puncture wounds or rusty objects?

Tetanus

Which acute viral disease presents with clusters of itchy vesicles that appear in different stages, starting from the trunk and often accompanied by mild fever, with lesions spreading outward to the face and extremities?

Chickenpox (Varicella)

What condition is caused by the reactivation of a nerve virus, leading to burning pain followed by unilateral vesicles arranged like a belt along a dermatome, and may cause complications such as facial paralysis or vision damage?

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Which viral infection is marked by sudden swelling of the parotid glands, fever, ear pain, and chewing discomfort, and can lead to orchitis in males, causing swollen and painful testicles?

Mumps

What childhood disease begins with catarrhal symptoms and progresses to rapid coughing spells followed by a long inspiratory 'whoop', sometimes leading to cyanosis or vomiting after coughing episodes?

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Which bacterial disease is characterized by a thick, grayish-white pseudomembrane in the throat, leading to difficulty breathing and a 'bull neck' appearance, and can cause toxic myocarditis if untreated?

Diphtheria

What severe bacterial illness presents with high fever, petechial rashes, stiff neck, altered mental state, and signs of meningeal irritation, and can rapidly lead to shock, often spread through respiratory droplets?

Meningococcemia / Meningitis

Which mosquito-borne infection causes sudden high fever, severe muscle and bone pain, rash, and in advanced stages, bleeding and shock, often described as having a positive tourniquet test?

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

What protozoan infection transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito leads to cyclical fever, chills, sweating, anemia, and splenomegaly, with severe cases resulting in dark-colored urine known as blackwater fever?

Malaria

Which viral disease, often contracted from animal bites, initially presents with fever and tingling at the bite site, then progresses to hydrophobia, aerophobia, and painful swallowing, ultimately leading to paralysis and death?

Rabies

What bacterial disease is contracted from floodwater or contaminated urine, presenting with high fever, severe muscle pain, red eyes, jaundice, and possible kidney failure?

Leptospirosis

Which parasitic disease is caused by contact with snail-infested water, presenting with itchy skin, bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and complications such as esophageal varices and portal hypertension?

Schistosomiasis

What chronic infection caused by an acid-fast bacillus leads to patchy skin lesions, loss of sensation, nerve thickening, muscle weakness, and permanent deformities such as claw hand or foot drop?

Leprosy

Which sexually transmitted disease presents with purulent discharge, painful urination, and pelvic inflammatory disease, posing a risk for infertility, caused by a gram-negative diplococcus?

Gonorrhea

What STD begins with a painless, firm ulcer at the genital area, followed by a widespread rash including the palms and soles, and can lead to late complications like gummas and neurologic decline if untreated?

Syphilis

Which viral infection transmitted through blood and body fluids causes jaundice, fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, and long-term complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?

Hepatitis B

What severe respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus presents with high fever, dry cough, difficulty breathing, and patchy lung infiltrates on X-ray, often requiring mechanical ventilation?

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

Which bacterial disease of the intestine causes watery or bloody stools, cramping pain, fever, and tenesmus, commonly found in environments with poor sanitation and spread through contaminated food or water?

Dysentery (Shigella)

What viral infection, usually spread through the fecal-oral route, causes fever, malaise, and jaundice, but does not lead to chronic liver disease?

Hepatitis A

Which protozoal intestinal disease is marked by profuse diarrhea with a foul odor, abdominal cramping, and risk for liver abscess, often contracted from contaminated water or food?

Amoebiasis

What acute febrile illness affecting young children presents with cough, runny nose, red watery eyes, and a dark red rash spreading from face to body, often preceded by tiny white spots inside the mouth?

Measles

Which respiratory infection begins with a sore throat and low-grade fever, leading to a thick membrane that can block the airway, resulting in a swollen neck appearance known as 'bull neck'?

Diphtheria

What disease is characterized by the classic three C's: cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, and is highly contagious, transmitted through airborne droplets?

Measles

Which infection spread by fecal-oral transmission causes abrupt diarrhea, rapid dehydration, and metabolic acidosis, with stools resembling rice water?

Cholera

What mosquito-borne viral infection causes sudden onset fever, rash, joint pain, nausea, and later bleeding tendencies with low platelet count, increasing the risk for shock?

Dengue Fever

What chronic lung infection may remain latent for years and activate during immunosuppression, presenting with chronic cough, weight loss, night sweats, and blood-tinged sputum?

Tuberculosis

Which viral illness begins with mild fever and loss of appetite, followed by painful enlargement of the parotid glands and potential complications such as orchitis in adolescent males?

Mumps

What chronic parasitic illness is contracted from wading, swimming, or bathing in freshwater containing snails, leading to symptoms such as itchiness at the entry site, bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and complications like portal hypertension and hematemesis?

Schistosomiasis

Which bacterial infection of the respiratory tract can cause a thick, leathery, gray pseudomembrane in the throat, leading to airway obstruction, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and a swollen 'bull neck' appearance?

Diphtheria

What viral infection is characterized by painful grouped vesicles appearing on one side of the body, typically following a nerve path, and begins with burning pain or tingling before progressing to severe discomfort along a dermatome?

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Which viral infection presents with mild fever, posterior auricular lymph node swelling, and a rapidly spreading pink fine rash that disappears within three days, posing a significant risk of fetal defects if contracted by pregnant women?

German Measles (Rubella)

What bacterial infection is marked by profuse watery diarrhea and severe dehydration within hours, accompanied by muscle cramps and metabolic acidosis, often resulting from contaminated food or water?

Cholera

Which severe infectious disease is caused by droplets and presents with headache, fever, stiff neck, petechial rash, and altered consciousness, with positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs indicating meningeal irritation?

Meningococcemia / Meningitis

What viral infection is known for the '3 Cs'—cough, coryza, conjunctivitis—appearing before a rash, with tiny white spots seen along the cheek mucosa inside the mouth?

Measles

Which viral respiratory illness starts with flu-like symptoms and rapidly progresses to difficulty breathing, low oxygen saturation, and bilateral lung infiltrates on chest X-ray, often requiring ventilator support?

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

What parasitic infection of the small intestine caused by roundworms leads to symptoms such as abdominal distention, vomiting, and the passage of worms through the mouth or anus, potentially resulting in bowel obstruction?

Ascariasis

Which bacterial intestinal infection presents with bloody and mucoid diarrhea, fever, tenesmus, and cramping abdominal pain, often linked to contaminated food or water, and can lead to rapid dehydration?

Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)

What chronic viral infection transmitted through blood causes jaundice, dark urine, fatigue, RUQ abdominal pain, and can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer over time?

Hepatitis B

Which viral infection can lead to severe birth defects such as deafness, heart defects, and microcephaly when acquired by a mother during the first trimester of pregnancy?

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

What viral infection is characterized by swelling of the parotid glands, fever, and ear pain, with potential complications including orchitis that may cause male infertility?

Mumps

Which respiratory infection, caused by inhaling droplets, presents with a persistent cough lasting weeks, blood-streaked sputum, chest pain, night sweats, and weight loss, often showing cavities on chest X-ray?

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

What vector-borne disease transmitted by the Aedes mosquito leads to sudden high fever, severe headache, retro-orbital pain, rash, and potentially bleeding tendencies such as gum bleeding and nosebleeds?

Dengue Fever

Which life-threatening viral zoonosis is marked by hyperexcitable behavior, spasms triggered by sound or air, fear of water, and ultimately paralysis, always fatal once symptoms appear?

Rabies

What viral liver disease, spread via the fecal-oral route, often linked to contaminated water or food, begins with flu-like symptoms and progresses to jaundice, pale stools, and tea-colored urine, but does not become chronic?

Hepatitis A

Which parasitic infection produces itchy papules where larvae penetrate the skin, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and enlarged liver and spleen due to eggs trapped in tissues?

Schistosomiasis

What bacterial STD initially appears as a painless ulcer, later presenting with a rash on palms and soles, and can eventually destroy organs through gummatous lesions and cause aortic aneurysm?

Syphilis

Which neurological viral infection begins with tingling at the site of a bite, progresses to fever, agitation, hallucinations, fear of swallowing, and ultimately leads to respiratory paralysis?

Rabies

What viral infection causes painful fluid-filled blisters arranged along a nerve path, often triggered by stress or low immunity, originating from a reactivated chickenpox virus?

Herpes Zoster

Which childhood disease presents with runny nose, red eyes, dry cough, and high fever, followed by dark red patches starting at the hairline and spreading downward, with small white spots seen inside the cheek before the rash appears?

Measles

What painful respiratory infection caused by a bacterium produces toxins, forming a hard, grayish membrane that bleeds when detached, and is associated with bull neck due to swollen lymph nodes?

Diphtheria

Which viral illness is characterized by painful inflammation of the salivary glands, making chewing and swallowing difficult, and may progress to inflammation of the ovaries or testicles?

Mumps

What gastrointestinal illness presents with step-ladder fever, abdominal distention, rose spots, slow and weak pulse, and in severe cases, can lead to delirium and intestinal perforation?

Typhoid Fever

Which protozoan illness is spread through mosquito bites and presents with alternating chills and fever, profuse sweating, anemia, and splenomegaly, with fever occurring every 48 or 72 hours depending on the species?

Malaria

What bacterial intestinal infection, commonly found in children, is marked by bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and tenesmus, with stool containing pus and mucus?

Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)

Which chronic debilitating disease caused by an acid-fast bacillus leads to loss of skin sensation, hypopigmented patches, nerve enlargement, and deformities like claw hand and foot drop?

Leprosy

What disease includes an early phase with fever, headache, body pains, and later presents with dangerous signs such as very low platelets, cold clammy skin, and a sudden drop in blood pressure leading to shock?

Dengue Shock Syndrome

Which viral infection causes a maculopapular rash that is often mild, but extremely dangerous when acquired during pregnancy, leading to congenital disabilities such as blindness, deafness, and heart defects?

Rubella

What severe intestinal infection is characterized by foul-smelling diarrhea, abdominal cramps, gas, and weight loss due to protozoal invasion and destruction of intestinal tissue?

Amoebiasis

Which life-threatening toxin-mediated infection causes persistent muscle contractions, arching of the back (opisthotonus), and difficulty breathing, commonly resulting from contaminated wounds?

Generalized Tetanus

What viral disease is associated with immunosuppression, chronic weight loss, recurrent infections, and low CD4 count, allowing opportunistic infections such as PCP and Kaposi's sarcoma to develop?

HIV/AIDS

Which respiratory infection transmitted via droplets causes fever, severe cough, night sweats, loss of appetite, and sputum that may contain acid-fast bacilli on smear?

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

What sexually transmitted infection caused by a gram-negative diplococcus leads to yellow or white purulent discharge, painful urination, pelvic pain, and possible infertility in women due to pelvic inflammatory disease?

Gonorrhea