Unit 1.1 Native American Cultures and the Columbian Exchange

This set of flashcards covers pre-1492 Native American cultures, regional tribal characteristics, the effects of European colonization, and the impacts of the Columbian Exchange.

How did the first Americans arrive in the Americas?

They came via the Bering Straight.

Which Meso-American tribe used irrigation and water storage systems known as Chinampas?

The Aztecs (implied by the mention of Tenochtitlan).

What was the name of the Aztec capital mentioned in the notes?

Tenochtitlan

Who was the European explorer associated with the conquest of the Meso-American tribes?

Hernan Cortes

Which Native group in the Southwest, specifically Arizona & NM, is also known as the Anasazis?

Pueblo Indians

Which crops were grown by the Pueblo Indians using irrigation canals?

Maize & Beans

What type of dwellings were created by the Southwest Natives/Pueblo Indians?

Pueblos and cliff dwellings

What activities characterized the Chinook tribe of the Pacific Northwest?

Hunting, fishing, and foraging

In Iroquois society of the Northeast, how were labor roles divided between genders?

Men hunted and women farmed.

What lifestyle did the Plains Indians lead, and what animal did they hunt for supplies?

They were nomadic and hunted Buffalo/bison.

What was a positive effect of European colonization on Native Americans mentioned in the notes?

The introduction of the horse.

How did European contact negatively impact Native American health and populations?

Large populations were wiped out by disease.

What is the definition of the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of goods, ideas, and diseases across the Atlantic.

How did livestock and guns impact the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?

They altered hunting and warfare.

How did the introduction of new crops like potatoes and maize impact Europe?

It increased the population.

What economic shift in Europe resulted from the increased wealth of the Columbian Exchange?

It led to capitalism.

Name five diseases that were brought to the Americas from Europe and Africa.

Smallpox, Malaria, Influenza, Diphtheria, and Typhus

What are three examples of livestock brought to the Americas as part of the Columbian Exchange?

Cattle, Sheep, and Pigs

List four crops or foods that originated in the Americas and were sent to Europe.

Tobacco, Pumpkin, Turkey, and Cacao Bean