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Membrane that differ in function also differ in
Their protein content
What do proteins transport
Chemicals and information
Integral membrane proteins
Embedded in the hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids, and they can be release only when the membrane is physically disrupted
Peripheral membrane proteins
Bound to the head group of lipids or the exposed portions of integral membrane proteins by electrostatic and H bond interactions
Alpha helices or beta sheets in the hydrophobic region of the membrane have what type of amino acids
Hydroponics
Alpha helices or beta sheets in the water soluble region of the membrane have what type of amino acids
Ionic
What type of amino acids do loops and turns have
Ionic bc facing aqueous environment
What factors determine whether a small molecule will cross a membrane
The concentration gradient of the molecule across the membrane or the molecules solubility in the hydrophobic environment
What method of transport do lipophillic molecules use
Simple diffusion
What method of transport do polar molecules use
Passive transport, active transport, facilitated transport
Passive transport
Movement with the concentration gradient with no added energy
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion through a protein channel with no added energy
Active transport
Movement against the concentration gradient with added energy
Primary transporters
Hydrolyzes ATP and transports molecules against their gradient
Secondary transporters
Couple transport of molecules against the concentration gradient to transport of a molecule with its concentration gradient
Ion channels are what type of transport
Passive
How much faster is ion transport rates compared to ion pumps
1000 times
Voltage gated channels
Open in response to changes in membrane potential
Ligand hated channels
Opened in response to the binding of small molecules such as neurotransmitters
How does an ion move through a channel
Ion has hydration shell that is removed as it travels down the channel. The water molecules are replaced by oxygen atom interactions lining the selectivity filter. As the ion gets closer to moving inside, the oxygen breaks its bond with the ion and water reforms shell
How are ion channels selective
Structure of the ions determines specificity. Larger ions are too big to enter channel and smaller ions can’t interact with the selectivity filter
Na-K ATPase
Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy needed for the active transport of three Na out and two potassium in against their gradients
Na-K ATPase and SGLT
ATPase move Na outside against its concentration gradient and there is high amounts outside. SGLT uses Na gradient to move Na and glucose inside