Psychology Chapter (1-47)

Psychology

The science of behavior and mental
processes

Aristotle

wrote about dreams, sleep, senses, memory, Traits & Dispositions of Different Animals

Descartes

early French philosopher who promoted a
belief that the mind and body are two separate
entities—called interactive dualism.

Abraham Maslow

One of the founders of the third force in
psychology in America, and I offered a theory of
motivation.

John B. Watson

study behavior you have to be
able to observe it and measure it. Believed that you cannot observe a thought.

Washburn

first American woman to officially earn a
Ph.D. in psychology

Wundt

the father of scientific psychology; I
established the first psychology research laboratory
in Germany in 1879

Titchener

established structuralism, the first formal school of
psychology

William James

wrote the Principles of Psychology in 1890 and
established functionalism, first school of psychology
in the United States. Strean of conciousness

G. Stanley Hall

received the first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard
University and started a professional organization
and a professional journal that are both still active
today.

Calkins

the first female president of the APA and I
wrote a very popular Introduction to Psychology
textbook. I earned my Ph.D. from Harvard, but I
never received it.

Carl Rogers

one of the founders of the humanistic
movement, I placed great value on the
importance of each person’s personal growth,
self-determination, and free will

B.F Skinner

believed that all we had to do to explain
voluntary behavior was to study the
relationship between the organism's’ behavior
and the environment.

Sigmund Freud

was most controversial in my day for I wrote about
unconscious conflicts, sex, and the importance of
early childhood experiences. Pyschoanalytic and psychotherapy

Ivan Pavlov

studied physiology and discovered the
basic learning process (classical conditioning)

Francis C. Sumner

First African American to receive a Ph.D. in
psychology

structuralism

Studying most basic components of
CONSCIOUS experiences

• 1st school of thought

• Introspection

• Focused on basic sensory and perceptual
  processes

Functionalism

How behavior and mental procceses FUNCTIONS to allow people &
animals to adapt to their environments

Humanism

Emphasized CONSCIOUS experiences, including each person’s
unique potential for psychological growth and self-
direction

• Self-determination, free will, & the choice in human
  behavior (NOT EXTERNAL CUES - BEHAVIORISM)

• 3rd force in US psychology (Psychoanalysis &
  Behaviorism) because distinctly different