Drug Use and Abuse LTQ Ch. 4

The process by which the body breaks down matter into more simple components and waste is known as _______.

Metabolism

Which of the following best reflects subcutaneous injection and absorption rate?

Slow and constant

Which of the following affect drug distribution?

blood flow, fat solubility of the drug, diffusibility of membranes

How many poppy seed bagels would need to be consumed in order to obtain a positive screen for opiates?

100

When drugs are swallowed, they pass through the stomach and are absorbed in the __________.

Small intestine

_______ is the portion of the original drug dose that reaches its site of action or that reaches a fluid in the body that gives the drug access to its site of action.

Bioavailability

One of the important factors about the ______ route of administration is that it bypasses all of our safety mechanisms.

intravenous

Drinking large quantities of water would be an example of an attempt to alter the results of a drug test by:

dilution

__________ is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

Pharmacodynamics

Which of the following is false?

A. Illicit drugs have unknown dose-effect curves at least in part because different samples of the drug can differ in the amount of active ingredient.

B. If drug A affects memory and heart rate, there would be a dose-effect curve for memory and another for heart rate.

C. A typical dose-effect curve indicates that there is a larger effect as the dose increases.

Answer: None are false

The _____ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism; the _______ are the most important organ for excretion of drugs and their metabolites.

Liver; Kidneys

The presence of food in the stomach _______ absorption and _________ the maximum drug level achieved for orally administered drugs.

delays; decreases

A drug's dose is calculated according to a person's ________.

weight

Which of the following results has not been demonstrated in needle exchange programs?

An increase in IV drug use.

Which of the following is a way in which drugs are excreted from the body?

(all)

Feces, the lungs, mother's milk, liver bile

In __________, the combined effects of multiple drugs is greater than the sum of the parts.

synergism

People who wear a nicotine patch to help them quit smoking receive a dose of the drug through which route of administration?

Transdermally

__________ is a term referring to the minimum dose of a drug that yields its efficacy.

Drug Potency

Once in the bloodstream, orally administered drugs pass through the __________ before reaching the brain.

liver

Which of the following lists routes of administration from quickest to longest?

Inhalation, intramuscular, oral

__________ is the branch of pharmacology that concerns the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs.

Pharmokinetics

T/F: A drug's half life is the time it takes for a drug's effects to become half as potent.

False

A drug that is taken sublingually is __________.

placed under the tongue

What does the pharmacological phrase ED60 mean?

60% of the patients who receive a given dose will experience a particular effect

______ means that the rate at which a drug is metabolized is independent of its concentration in the blood.

Zero Order Kinetics