EXAM 1 MATERIAL

Nursing Practice Act

defines what you can and cannot do

Scope of Practice and Standards

tells you how to do it

Code of Ethics

describes behaviors and practices nurses should abide by to provide responsible and ethical care

Position Statements

gives explanation and course of action when there’s a change in practice, concerns, or topics that needs to be addressed

Principles of Nursing Practice

provides information regarding social media, staffing, and pay for nurses

critical pathways

• clinical tools that utilize evidence based practice to deliver client care

• help nurses manage delivery of care for a specific circumstance, disease, etc

• take form in algorithms

Swanson’s caring process

includes knowing (avoiding assumptions), being with, doing for, enabling (informing/supporting), and maintaining belief (THE WHAT)

Watson’s carative factors

Focuses on altruistic values, instilling faith and hope, sensitivity, and creating a supportive or corrective spiritual environment (THE HOW)

primary prevention

education on promoting wellness

secondary prevention

detect disease (screening)

tertiary prevention

already have the disease (preventing complications)

quaternary prevention

"do no harm" principle, avoiding unnecessary tests or procedures

novice nurse

beginner with no experience

advanced beginner nurse

demonstrates basic skills with mentor

competent nurse

performs responsibly and efficiently

proficient nurse

demonstrates resourcefulness and advanced problem-solving

expert nurse

effortlessly multitask and role model skills

guidelines for nursing practice

American Nurses Association provides four major guidelines:

• code of ethics

• scope and standards of practice

• position statements

• principle of nursing

Assessment

data collection (social, cultural, health-related, etc)

Diagnosis

focuses on the person with an illness, which is defined as the individual’s specific response to a disease

Planning

how to manage the problem using evidence-based practice (goals and outcomes)

Implementation

putting to action (prevention of illness/ administer medications)

Evaluation

evaluating the effective of the plan and implementation

American Nursing Association

for all RNs

• Code of ethics

• Scope of Practice and Standards

• support to registered nurses through lobbying for major issues including whistle blower protection and improving safety in the workplace

National League for Nurses

focuses on education and educators

National Student Nurses Association

for nursing students

Texas Board of Nursing

aimed to protect public welfare by ensuring nursing competence (implement disciplinary actions like license revocation)

QSEN Competencies

• patient centered care

• teamwork and collaboration

• evidence based practice

• quality improvement

• safety

• informatics

informed consent

expressed in writing and requires providers to educate clients on risks and benefits (nurse’s role is to verify and witness the signature)

advance directives

written statement of a person’s wishes regarding medical treatment

• include a living will (states desired life-sustaining treatments)

durable power of attorney

appoints person to make decision if the client is incapacitated

whistleblowing

an act when a person formally reports an illegal, wrongdoing, or unethical practice

professionalism

defined by criteria such as unique body of knowledge, code of ethics, ongoing research, and autonomy

• altruism (selflessness)

• human dignity

• integrity

• autonomy

• social justice

health

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

wellness

involves holistic actions by an individual to reach their potential

health promotion

efforts by providers to empower clients’ health habits

modifiable risk factors

• weight

• activity level

• smoking

nonmodifiable risk factors

• age

• genetics

• gender

• race/ethnicity

medicare

clients over 65 or those with permanent disabilities

• Part A: hospital insurance (inpatient services)

• Part B: medical insurance (outpatient and preventive care)

• Part C:medicare advantage (combines part a+b offered through private insurance companies)

• Part D: prescription coverage (private loans)

medicaid

low income individuals (funded by federal and state government) and varies by state

nursing intervention

• education

• screening

• lifestyle modification

• immunizations

• referral

social determinants of health

environmental factors affecting health

• economic stability

• neighborhood environment

• education

• food

• community

• transportation

Joint Commission

accredits and certifies health care organizations (set standards for health care facilities)

Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act

ensures that all individuals, regardless of their insurance or financial status, have equal access to emergency medical care

tort

civil wrong resulting in harm

unintentional torts

negligence and malpractice (failing to meet standards of care)

intentional tort

• assault: making client fearful

• battery: physical harm

• invasion of privacy

• false imprisionment: unlawful confinement or restraint of a person against their will

code of ethics

• Autonomy

• Beneficence

• Nonmaleficence: not causing harm

• Justice

• Fidelity: keeping promises or commitments

• Veracity: being truthful

sentinel events

adverse occurrences resulting in permanent disability, severe injury, or death

normal temperature

• 36° C to 38° C (96.8° F to 100.4° F)

• average is 37° C (98.6° F)

• oral temperature (not suitable for children less than 5)

• rectal is most accurate (vagus nerve risks bradycardia)

normal pulse

60 to 100 bpm

normal respiration

12 to 20 breaths per minute

normal oxygen saturation

95% to 100%

• 88% is tolerable for chronic lung disease

blood pressure

• <120/80

• <90/60 (hypotension)

• 120-129/80 (elevated)

• 130-39/80-89 (hypertension stage 1)

• >140/90 (hypertension stage 2)

5 Rights of Delegation

• right task

• right circumstance

• right person

• right directions

• right supervision

radiation

diffusion of heat by electromagnetic waves

convection

diffusion of heat by motion between areas of unequal density

evaporation

conversion of liquid to vapor

conduction

transfer of heat to another object duri9ng direct contact

orthopnea

• difficulty breathing laying down

• changes in breathing when sitting and standing