Consequentialism and Theories of Liberty in Philosophy

Plato's view on liberty

Rulers should control speech for societal benefit.

Hobbes' view on liberty

Censorship justified for maintaining peace.

Intrinsic good

Good that exists independently of other benefits.

Happiness

Utilitarianism's sole intrinsic good for sentient beings.

Maximization of happiness

Goal of utilitarianism to increase overall happiness.

Satisfaction of desires

Fulfillment of wants, not all equally valid.

Harm Principle

Actions allowed unless they harm others.

Consequentialism

Ethical theory based on outcomes of actions.

Intrinsic value

Value that is good for its own sake.

Principle of right action

Guides decisions on what to do.

Minimization of wrongs

Aim to reduce negative outcomes in actions.

Pleasure

Hedonism's focus on sensory enjoyment.

Wellbeing

State of being comfortable, healthy, and happy.

Instrumental goods

Items valued for their utility towards intrinsic goods.

Locke's view on liberty

Natural rights must be protected by government.

Mill's view on liberty

Freedom of speech promotes overall happiness.

First Amendment

Protects freedoms of speech, religion, and press.

Protected speech

Includes hate speech and political discourse.

Unprotected speech

Includes threats and private institution speech.

Texas v. Johnson

Flag burning protected as free speech.

Snyder v. Phelps

Offensive speech at funerals protected by law.

Plato's ideal state

Class-based society with fixed roles.

Hobbes' ideal government

Prevents return to the state of nature.

Locke's ideal government

Protects life, liberty, and property rights.

Mill's ideal government

Promotes individual freedom and happiness.