Ch 3 Cells

Why is the cell called the fundamental unit of life?

Complete the sentence

"Nothing smaller than a cell is capable of ______."

Name the two fundamental kinds of cells and which organisms have each.

What is the single most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

How much larger is a typical eukaryotic cell than a prokaryotic one?

When did prokaryotes first appear, and when did eukaryotes evolve according to section 3.1?

Prokaryote vs. eukaryote - complexity and cell number

Prokaryote vs. eukaryote - where is the DNA?

Nucleoid

Where is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell, and what does that region lack?

Name four structures found only in prokaryotic cells.

Plasmid

Capsule (prokaryote)

Pilus (plural pili)

Plasma membrane - the book's one-line function

Cell wall - the book's one-line function

Ribosomes - the book's one-line function

Flagellum - the book's one-line function

Do all prokaryotes have all the structures in the idealized bacterium figure?

Which two domains are prokaryotes?

Give the book's two examples of prokaryotes.

Are archaea prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

True or false

prokaryotes have no ribosomes. Explain.

Precision point

nucleoid vs. nucleus

Precision point

what is the safe wording for what prokaryotes lack?

Precision point

do prokaryotes have DNA?

Precision point

is a cell wall a prokaryote-only structure?

Precision point

is a flagellum prokaryote-only?

Beyond the book

how do bacterial and eukaryotic flagella differ?

Precision point

which organisms are multicellular?

Conflict alert

how old are eukaryotes?

Book trivia

bacteria in your mouth

Core question 3.1

Of the four kinds of cells shown in the micrographs, which contain a nucleus?

How alike are eukaryotic cells?

Cytoplasm - the book's definition

Organelle - the book's definition

Nucleus - the book's definition

Name eight structures found in both plant and animal cells.

Which organelle is found only in animal cells?

Which three structures are found only in plant cells?

State section 3.2's CORE IDEA in one line.

Do plant cells have mitochondria? Why does the answer matter?

Which organelle(s) produce energy in an animal cell? In a plant cell?

Precision point

what is the animal-only / plant-only count?

Precision point

vacuole vs. central vacuole

Conflict alert

are lysosomes really animal-only?

Precision point

is the cell wall a replacement for the plasma membrane?

Conflict alert

is a ribosome an organelle?

Book trivia

how many cells are in an adult human?

Why must a cell have a plasma membrane at all?

Plasma membrane - the book's physical description

Describe a phospholipid molecule. Which part is hydrophilic and which hydrophobic?

Which way do the phospholipid heads and tails point?

Why do phospholipids spontaneously form two layers?

Why is a membrane called a "fluid mosaic"? Explain both halves.

What does cholesterol do in an animal cell membrane?

Name four jobs performed by membrane proteins.

Are membrane proteins fixed or mobile?

What do membrane carbohydrate chains do?

Extracellular fluid

Cytosol

What is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?

Is the nucleus part of the cytoplasm?

Why is the structure of a membrane called a phospholipid bilayer?

Precision point

what is a membrane mostly made of?

Precision point

are membrane carbohydrates transporters?

Beyond the book

what are glycoprotein and glycolipid?

Does the bilayer structure apply to organelle membranes too?

Beyond the book

where does the term "fluid mosaic" come from?

Which membranes does a eukaryotic cell have besides the plasma membrane?

What is the most important function of all cellular membranes?

Selectively permeable

Define passive transport and active transport, and give the one difference that separates them.

What drives passive transport versus active transport?

Name the three forms of passive transport.

Define diffusion and give the book's examples.

Define osmosis. In which direction does water flow?

Give the book's example of osmosis.

Facilitated diffusion

Which form of passive transport always requires a membrane protein, and which only sometimes does?

Trap alert

what is the trick in section 3.4's check question?

Give the book's example of passive transport in your lungs.

What does the sodium-potassium pump do, how many ions, and why does it matter?

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Give the book's example of exocytosis.

What do the prefixes endo- and exo- tell you?

Precision point

what does "passive" actually mean?

Precision point

what makes transport active?

Precision point

is osmosis a separate category from diffusion?

Beyond the book

how else can you state the direction of osmosis?

Beyond the book

why do salt and honey preserve food?

Precision point

where do endocytosis and exocytosis belong?

Core question 3.4

What form of passive transport always requires membrane-bound proteins?

What is the most prominent membrane-enclosed organelle?

The factory analogy the book runs with

Nuclear envelope

Nuclear pore

What is a chromosome made of, and how many are in a human body cell?

What do chromosomes do?