Cold War GCSE

Communism

Ideology held by the USSR

Capitalism

Ideology held by the USA

1943

Tehran Conference

Tehran attendees

Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt

United Nations was agreed to be formed

Tehran

Yalta Conference

February 1945

First conference of 1945

Yalta

Germany and Berlin would be split into four

Yalta Conference

Soviet sphere of influence

Yalta Conference

Attendees of Yalta

Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill

Potsdam Conference

July 1945

Potsdam attendees

Stalin, Truman and Attlee

Free elections

Potsdam

Atomic Bomb by USA

1945

Telegrams

1946

Telegram names

Long and Novikov

Truman Doctrine

1947

Containment

To stop the development and spread of communism, also a theory developed by Eisenhower

Marshall Plan

1947

Money given to countries in Marshall Plan

$13 billion

Amount of countries given Marshall Plan money

16 Eastern European countries

Cominform

1947

Comecon

1949

Berlin Crisis

1948

Stalin removes all rail and road traffic

Between east and west berlin

Time planes flown in Berlin Blockade

Every 90 seconds

Tonnes flown in blockade everyday

4600

Planes flew in total in blockade

275,000

NATO

1949

NATO acronym

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

Warsaw Pact

1955

NATO countries

16

Warsaw Pact countries

8

Hungarian Uprising

1956

Rakosi killed

2000

Rakosi imprisoned

200,000

Hungarian leaders

Rakosi to Nagy

Troops sent to Hungary

20,000

Troops killed in Hungary

7000

Khrushchev about Berlin

"Fishbone caught in my throat"

Refugees moved from east to west berlin

2.7 million

USA's time to leave Berlin

6 months

Bay of Pigs

1961

Cuba leaders

Batista to Castro

Cuban exiles at Bay of Pigs

1400

Cuban soldiers at Bay of Pigs

20,000

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962

Spy plane for America

American U2 spy plane

Blockade of boats

Cuban Missile Crisis

Stand off at Cuban missile crisis

13 days

Distance between America and Cuba

95km

Limited Test Ban Treaty

1963

Hotline

Washington and Moscow

Nuclear weapons were only allowed to be tested

Underground

Berlin Wall

1961

The wall measurements

3.6m high and 1.2m wide

Kennedy quote on Berlin

"Ich bin ein Berliner"

Berlin Wall protection

Dogs, barbed wire and soldiers

Invasion of Czechoslovakia

1968

Leaders of Czechoslovakia

Novotny to Dubcek

Prague Spring Reforms

"Socialism with a new face"

Troops sent to Czechoslovakia

250,000

Reforms made in Czechoslovakia

Free speech, end of censorship, reduce soviet influence

Brezhnev Doctrine

1968

Military would be used to prevent countries from falling away from communism

The Brezhnev doctrine

Détente

1970's

Nixon Moscow Visits

1972 and 1974

Space Link Up

1975

American space team

Astronauts

Soviet space team

Cosmonauts

Helsinki Agreements

1975

Three baskets at Helsinki

Co-operation, security and human rights

SALT I

1972

SALT acronym

Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty

Weapons used in the 1970's

Anti-ballistic missiles

SALT II

1979

SALT I failure

Neither countries followed the agreement

Invasion of Afghanisatan

1979

Afghanistan leaders

Taraki to Amin to Karmal

End of détente

Afghanistan

Christmas Day 1979

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Troops sent to Afghanistan

50,000

Election of Reagan

1980

Reagan reference of USSR

"Evil empire"

USA Military Spending increased under Reagan

$1 trillion

Strategic Defence Initiative

Use lasers in space to shoot down USSR

NUTS Policy

Law that allows use of nuclear weapons

Reagan's new weapons

Long range bombers, 6 tridents and neutron bombs

Gorbachev elected

1985

Gorbachev's new thinking

1987

Glasnot

Openness

Perestrokia

Economic restructuring

INF Treaty

1987

INF acronym

Intermediate-range nuclear forces treaty

Fall of Berlin Wall

1989

Removed the Berlin wall

Berliners

Withdrawal of troops in Berlin

1990

Collapse of USSR

Christmas Day 1991

Gang of Eight

Failed coup to overthrow Gorbachev

Boris Yeltsin

Replaced Gorbachev