pelvis

Internal Iliac Artery

Originates from the common iliac artery at L5/S1. It has branches including iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal, obturator, inferior gluteal, umbilical, uterine, vaginal, inferior vesical, middle rectal, and internal pudendal arteries. It supplies pelvic organs and muscles and is innervated by the pelvic plexus.

Umbilical Artery

Originates from the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery. It moves to the bladder apex, distributing to the umbilicus with branches including superior vesical arteries and artery to the ductus deferens (in males). It supplies the bladder and ductus deferens, with innervation from the pelvic plexus.

Uterine Artery

Arises from the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery, crosses the ureter anteriorly, supplies the uterus, and gives tubal and ovarian branches. It supplies the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and is innervated by the pelvic plexus.

Internal Aspect of the Rectum

Contains anal columns, anal valves, and anal sinuses. It receives blood supply from the superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries and is innervated by the inferior hypogastric plexus.