pelvis
Internal Iliac Artery
Identification: Originates from the common iliac artery at L5/S1.
Branches: Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal, obturator, inferior gluteal, umbilical, uterine, vaginal, inferior vesical, middle rectal, and internal pudendal arteries.
Blood Supply: Supplies pelvic organs and muscles.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus (sympathetic and parasympathetic).
Umbilical Artery
Identification: Originates from the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery.
Course: Moves to the bladder apex, distributing to the umbilicus.
Branches: Superior vesical arteries and artery to the ductus deferens (in males).
Blood Supply: Bladder and ductus deferens.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Uterine Artery
Identification: Arises from the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery.
Course: Crosses the ureter anteriorly, supplies the uterus, and gives tubal and ovarian branches.
Blood Supply: Uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Internal Aspect of the Rectum
Structure: Contains anal columns, anal valves, and anal sinuses.
Blood Supply: Superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries.
Innervation: Inferior hypogastric plexus.
Ovarian Fossa
Location: Lateral wall of the pelvis.
Boundaries: External iliac vessels (superior), broad ligament (anterior and inferior), ureter and internal iliac vessels (posterior), obturator structures (inferior).
Blood Supply: Ovarian artery.
Innervation: Ovarian plexus.
Broad Ligaments
Function: Connects uterus to pelvic walls, contains fallopian tubes, ovaries, and ligaments.
Blood Supply: Uterine and ovarian arteries.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Obturator Internus Muscle
Origin: Inferior rami of pubis and ischium.
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur.
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2).
Blood Supply: Internal obturator artery.
Anal Muscles
Function: Supports pelvic organs and controls defecation.
Innervation: Pudendal nerve, perineal nerve, and inferior rectal nerve.
Blood Supply: Inferior rectal artery.
Ovary
Shape: Oval.
Location: Ovarian fossa in the lateral pelvic wall.
Blood Supply: Ovarian artery.
Innervation: Ovarian plexus.
Pelvic Peritoneum in Women
Pouches: Vesicouterine and rectouterine pouches.
Blood Supply: Internal iliac artery.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Kidney
Location: Retroperitoneal space.
Blood Supply: Renal artery.
Innervation: Renal plexus.
Pelvic Rectum in Women
Relations: Anterior to vagina, posterior to sacrum and coccyx.
Blood Supply: Superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries.
Innervation: Inferior hypogastric plexus.
Pelvic Rectum in Men
Relations: Anterior to prostate and seminal vesicles, posterior to sacrum.
Blood Supply: Superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries.
Innervation: Inferior hypogastric plexus.
Uterine Tube
Parts: Uterine, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, and fimbria.
Blood Supply: Tubal branches of uterine and ovarian arteries.
Innervation: Ovarian and uterine plexuses.
Ureter (Abdominal Part)
Course: Runs downward in front of the psoas major muscle.
Blood Supply: Renal and gonadal arteries.
Innervation: Renal plexus.
Urethra in Women
Course: Extends from the bladder to the external urethral opening.
Blood Supply: Internal pudendal artery.
Innervation: Pudendal nerve.
Uterus
Parts: Fundus, body, and cervix.
Blood Supply: Uterine artery.
Innervation: Uterine plexus.
Vagina
Relations: Anterior to bladder, posterior to rectum.
Blood Supply: Vaginal artery.
Innervation: Inferior hypogastric plexus.
Urinary Bladder in Men
Relations: Inferior to prostate, posterior to rectum.
Blood Supply: Superior and inferior vesical arteries.
Innervation: Vesical plexus.
Urinary Bladder in Women
Relations: Posterior to uterus, anterior to vagina.
Blood Supply: Superior and inferior vesical arteries.
Innervation: Vesical plexus.
Testicle
Structure: Ovoid shape, covered by tunica vaginalis and albuginea.
Blood Supply: Testicular, cremasteric, and artery to the ductus deferens.
Innervation: Testicular plexus.
Scrotum
Layers: Skin, dartos fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle, internal spermatic fascia, tunica vaginalis.
Function: Protects and regulates temperature of testes.
Blood Supply: Anterior and posterior scrotal arteries.
Innervation: Anterior and posterior scrotal nerves.
Epididymis
Parts: Head, body, and tail.
Function: Sperm maturation and storage.
Blood Supply: Testicular artery.
Innervation: Testicular plexus.
Ductus Deferens
Parts: Epididymal, spermatic cord, and abdominal-pelvic parts.
Blood Supply: Artery to the ductus deferens.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Spermatic Cord
Contents: Ductus deferens, testicular vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.
Blood Supply: Testicular and cremasteric arteries.
Innervation: Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve.
Ampulla of the Ductus Deferens
Location: Posterior to the bladder, above the prostate.
Function: Stores spermatozoa.
Blood Supply: Artery to the ductus deferens.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Seminal Vesicles
Function: Secretes seminal fluid.
Blood Supply: Middle rectal and inferior vesical arteries.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Prostate
Lobes: Anterior, posterior, lateral, and median.
Blood Supply: Middle rectal and inferior vesical arteries.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Urethra in Males
Parts: Prostatic, membranous, and spongy.
Blood Supply: Internal pudendal artery.
Innervation: Pudendal nerve.
Penis
Parts: Root, body, and glans.
Blood Supply: Dorsal and deep arteries of the penis.
Innervation: Dorsal nerve of the penis.
Levator Ani Muscle
Function: Supports pelvic organs.
Innervation: Nerve to levator ani (S3-S4).
Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries.
Pelvic Subperitoneal Space in Men
Contents: Prostate, seminal vesicles, ureters, and venous plexus.
Blood Supply: Internal iliac artery.
Innervation: Pelvic plexus.
Prostate in Females (Skene’s Gland)
Location: Anterior vaginal wall, near the urethra.
Function: Secretes fluid.
Blood Supply: Internal pudendal artery.
Innervation: Pudendal nerve.