Final exam Science | Sec 3

Tissue

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function

Organ

A distinct structure made up of different types of tissues organized to perform one or more specific functions

Biological System

A group of organs working together to perform functions essential for the organism's survival

What are the main parts of the digestive tract

Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Anus

What is the role of the digestive tract

The digestive system breaks down into complex nutrients into absorbable molecules. Primarily in the small intestine (nutrients) and large intestine (water/electrolytes). The digestive system expels undigested and non-essential materials through the anus

What is the key function of the digestive tract

The mouth chews the food. The stomach breaks down food with its secretes acid and enzymes. The small intestine absorbs ~90% of nutrients, while the large intestine takes water and electrolytes

A

Salivary Glands

B

Mouth

C

Oesophagus

D

Stomach

E

Liver

F

Pancreas

G

Small Intestine

H

Large Intestine

I

Appendix

J

Rectum

How does the digestive glands function

The digestive glands support food breakdown and nutrient absorption. Salivary glands start digestion with amylase, gastric glands produce acid and enzymes for proteins, pancreas releases enzymes for fats, carbs, and proteins, liver makes bile to process fats, and intestinal glands complete digestion for absorption. They work together to maintain the body's nutrition

What does water give to the body

Solvent for reactions and for hydration

What does protein give to the body

Tissue repairs and growth

What does carbohydrates give to the body

It’s the primary energy source

What does fat give to the body

Energy storage and cell membranes

What do vitamins give to the body

Metabolism, immunity and bone health

What does minerals give to the body

Bone/teeth structure and Oxygen transport

What is food mechanical transformation

The mouth chewing the food and the stomach turning the food

What is food Chemical Transformation

The mouths saliva goes on the food. Then it goes into the stomachs acid. Finally, it goes into the small intestine

A

Nasal Cavity

B

Pharynx

C

Trachea

D

Lungs

E

Bronchi

F

Diaphragm

How does the respiratory system work

It brings oxygen for energy and removes carbon dioxide waste. The lungs and airways work together to keep the body supplied with oxygen while expelling harmful gases efficiently.

What does the nasal cavity do

Warms and humidifies air

What does the lungs do

It absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide, ensuring efficient respiration

A

Kidney

B

Ureter

C

Urethra

D

Bladder

What is the PNS

It consists of all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, connecting them to the rest of the body

What are Sensory receptors

They are specialized cells that detect and send signals to the nervous system

What is the musculoskeletal system

It is responsible for movement, support, and protection in the human body

Mitosis

It is a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells

Meiosis

is the process of cell division that produces gametes for sexual reproduction

What is the hormones responsible for the formation of spermatozoa

FSH, LH, testosterone

What is a fossils

Traces of organisms preserved in sedimentary rock

A

Wavelength

B

Amplitude

C

Equilibrium

D

Trough

E

Crest

Wavelength

The distance between one point on a wave and the exact same place on the next wave

Phase

Any two points on a wave that are one or more

whole wavelengths apart

Frequency

It is the number of complete wavelengths a point on that wave makes each second.

Amplitude

The greatest distance from equilibrium

Decomposition

A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances

Synthesis

wo or more simple substances combine to form a more complex compound

Homogeneous

Everything is evenly distributed, appearing as a single phase

Heterogeneous

Components remain distinct, forming separate phases

What are the conditions for life

Presence of an Atmosphere, Liquid Water, Has to be in the Goldilocks zone

Linking

Joins two or more components together

Guiding

Directs or controls the motion of a component

Sealing

Prevents fluids or gases from escaping

Lubricating

Reduces friction between moving parts

Direct link

Parts have complementary shapes that provide a direct connection

Indirect link

Parts require a linking component to hold together

Partial link

Allows one component to move without necessarily moving the other

Complete link

Both parts move together

Driver Component

The root of the system power. This is the component that receives force from the user.

Driven Component

The components of a system that receive the motion created by the drive

Chain

Belt and pulley

Gears

Friction Wheels

Worm and Worm

Rod and Crank

Cam and Follower

Rank and pinion

Screw and nut

Helical link

The guided part can undergo helical motion

Translational guide

Rotational guide

Translation

Translational motion occurs when an object moves from one position to another without rotating, this is called Linear motion