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Force

A push or pull action that can cause an object to move, change direction, or change shape.

Gravity

A force that attracts two bodies towards each other, typically affecting objects with mass.

Normal Force

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface against an object resting on it.

Friction

The force that opposes the motion of an object in contact with a surface.

Applied Force

A force that is applied to an object by a person or another object.

Air Resistance

The frictional force that air exerts against a moving object.

Net Force

The overall force acting on an object when all the individual forces are combined.

Aristotle

An ancient Greek philosopher who made significant contributions to various fields including physics.

Galileo Galilei

A physicist and astronomer known for his contributions to motion and the scientific method.

Isaac Newton

A physicist known for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

First Law of Motion

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net external force.

Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Law of Acceleration

Describes how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force.

Opportunity Cost

The value of the next best alternative that is forgone when a decision is made.

Incentive

A motivation or reason for engaging in a particular behavior or making a choice.

Rational Thinking

A way of thinking that involves logical reasoning and consideration of the consequences.

Trade-off

Balancing between two conflicting aspects of a situation when making a decision.

Microeconomics

The branch of economics that studies individual consumers and businesses.

Macroeconomics

The branch of economics that studies the entire economy and large-scale economic factors.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Basic Concept of Sustainable Development

Focuses on the balance between economic growth and the preservation of environmental health.

Growth Oriented

An approach to development that emphasizes economic expansion as the primary goal.

Sustainable Development Model

A framework that emphasizes the integration of economic, social, and environmental goals.

Principles of Sustainable Development

Guidelines that promote environmental protection, economic growth, and social equity.

1972 United Nations Conference on Human Environment

An international conference that addressed global environmental issues in Stockholm.

1987 World Commission on Environment and Development

A commission that released the Brundtland Report, emphasizing sustainability.

Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development

A national framework aimed at promoting sustainable practices in the Philippines.

Scarcity

The limited availability of resources to meet unlimited wants and needs.

Shortage

A temporary condition where the demand for a product exceeds its supply.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of 17 goals established by the United Nations to address global challenges.

Centralized Allocation

A system where resource distribution is controlled by a central authority.

Decentralized Allocation

A system where resource distribution is managed by multiple, smaller entities.

Command Economy

An economic system where the government makes all decisions regarding production and distribution.

Market Economy

An economic system based on supply and demand, with minimal government intervention.

Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership and free markets.

Socialism

An economic system where the means of production are owned and regulated by the community.

Communism

An economic system where all property is publicly owned, and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Raisin in the Sun

A play by Lorraine Hansberry about a family's struggle to achieve their dreams.

Author

A writer of a book, article, or other written work.

Character of the Story

The individuals that play a role in a narrative.

Tone

The author's attitude toward the subject or audience.

Mood

The emotional atmosphere that a piece of writing creates for the reader.

Hope

A feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen.

Trifles

A play by Susan Glaspell that explores gender roles and the significance of seemingly small details.

Araw ng Kasarinlan

Independence Day in the Philippines, celebrated on June 12.

Maikling Kwento

A short story that conveys a narrative with a succinct plot.

Elemento ng Maikling Kwento

The essential components that make up a short story, such as characters, setting, and plot.

Tekstong Argumento

A text that presents arguments to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint.

Mabangis na Lungsod

A term often used in literature to describe a brutal, unforgiving urban environment.

Panitikan

Literature; written works considered as an art form.

Anyo ng Panitikan

The different forms or genres of literature.

Uri ng Panitikan

Categories of literature based on themes and styles.

Genoveva Edruza Matute

A celebrated Filipino author known for her short stories.

Bangkang Papel

A short story by Genoveva Edruza Matute that explores childhood and imagination.

Paglalayag sa Puso ng Isang Bata

A narrative that delves into the emotional and psychological experiences of a child.

Dressmaking

The art of creating garments and clothing items.

Importance of Dressmaking

The significance of fashion and clothing in society.

History of Dressmaking

The historical evolution of garment creation from ancient times to modern day.

Ancient Times Dressmaking

The practice of garment-making in early civilizations using primitive tools.

Middle Ages Dressmaking

The development of clothing styles and techniques during the Medieval period.

Renaissance Dressmaking

The creative resurgence of garment design in Europe during the Renaissance.

Industrial Era Dressmaking

The rise of garment manufacturing driven by advancements in technology during the Industrial Revolution.

Modern Dressmaking

Contemporary practices, techniques, and styles in creating garments.

Creativity in Dressmaking

The ability to design unique and original clothing items.

Patience in Dressmaking

The capacity to work meticulously and carefully in creating garments.

Attention to Detail in Dressmaking

Focusing on every small aspect of garment construction for quality.

Accuracy in Dressmaking

Precision in measurement and sewing to ensure proper fit and finish.

Good Communication Skills in Dressmaking

The ability to effectively convey ideas and instructions in fashion design.

Resourcefulness in Dressmaking

The skill of using available materials creatively in garment creation.

Perseverance in Dressmaking

The determination to continue working through challenges in the sewing process.

Time Management in Dressmaking

The ability to efficiently allocate time for various stages of garment production.

Neatness and Cleanliness in Dressmaking

Maintaining a tidy workspace and resulting garments.

Technical Skills in Dressmaking

Proficiency in sewing, pattern-making, and using tools.

Passion for the Craft of Dressmaking

A strong enthusiasm for creating garments.

Honesty Skills in Dressmaking

The importance of transparency and integrity in business practices.

Sleeveless Garments

Clothing items that do not have sleeves.

Short-Sleeved Garments

Clothes that have sleeves that reach the upper arm.

Long-Sleeved Garments

Clothing with sleeves that extend to the wrists.

Round Neck Garments

Tops characterized by a soft circular neckline.

V Neck Garments

Tops featuring a 'V' shaped neckline.

Collared Garments

Clothing items that have a collar as part of the neckline.

Fitted Style Garments

Clothing that is tailored to closely fit the body.

Loose Fitting Style Garments

Clothes that are designed to hang loosely from the body.

Hoodie

A casual garment with a hood and often a front pocket.

Crop Top

A short top that exposes the midriff.

Button-Down Shirt

A shirt with buttons down the front.

Peplum Top

A garment characterized by a gathered or pleated strip of fabric at the waist.

The Bodice (Torso)

The upper part of a dress or top, covering the chest and back.

Front and Back Panels

The separate fabric pieces that comprise the front and back of a garment.

Darts

Folds sewn into fabric to shape it to the contours of the body.

Yoke

A part of a garment that fits around the neck and supports the structure.

Hem

The finished edge of a garment, often turned and sewn for durability.

Neckline and Collar

The area of the garment surrounding the neck and the attached collar.

Neckline Style

The design of the edge of a garment around the neck.

Collars

Fabric extensions at the neckline of garments that may vary in style.

Facings

Layers of fabric sewn into the edges of a garment for a finished look.

Sleeves

The part of a garment that covers the arms.

Armhole (Armscye)

The opening in a garment for the arm.

Sleeve Cap

The top portion of a sleeve that connects to the armhole.

Cuff

The end of a sleeve, often designed for fit or style.