PSYCHOTHERAPY

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalysis; id, ego, superego, psychosexual development, defense mechanisms

Alfred Adler

Individual Psychology; inferiority feelings, striving for superiority, birth order

Carl Gustav Jung

Analytical Psychology; collective unconscious, archetypes, individuation

Erik Homburger Erikson

Developed the Psychosocial Theory of Development across the lifespan.

Erich Fromm

Neo-Freudian; developed Humanistic Psychoanalysis and emphasized the influence of social and cultural factors on personality.

Melanie Reizes Klein

Founder of Object Relations Theory; emphasized the importance of early childhood relationships and unconscious fantasies.

Karen Danielsen Horney

Neo-Freudian; developed the theory of Basic Anxiety and emphasized cultural and social influences on personality.

John Bowlby

Founder of Attachment Theory; emphasized the importance of early attachment relationships.

Mary Dinsmore Ainsworth

Expanded Attachment Theory through the Strange Situation and identified attachment styles.

Mary Main

Identified the Disorganized Attachment style and developed the Adult Attachment Interview.

Traditional Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytical

Sigmund Freud

Alfred Adler

Carl Gustav Jung

Contemporary Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytical

Erik Homburger Erikson

Erich Fromm

Melanie Reizes Klein

Karen Danielsen Horney

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt

Father of Experimental Psychology; established the first psychology laboratory in 1879. Although not a psychoanalyst, his scientific methods laid the foundation for modern psychology.

Infancy 0-1

Trust vs. Mistrust

Hope

Early Childhood 1-3

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Will

Preschool 3-6

Initiative vs. Guilt

Purpose

School Age 6-12

Industry vs. Inferiority

Competence

Adolescence

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Fidelity

Young Adulthood 18-40

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Love

Middle Adulthood 40-65

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Care

Late adulthood 65 and above

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Wisdom

Moving Toward People (Compliant Type)

Driven by an intense need for affection, approval, and a powerful partner. They suppress their own self-assertion to avoid conflict.

Moving Against People (Aggressive Type)

Driven by a belief that the world is a hostile arena. They seek power, dominance, prestige, and control over others to protect themselves.

Moving Away from People (Detached Type)

Driven by a need for absolute self-sufficiency, independence, and isolation. They build emotional distance so no one can hurt or depend on them.

Albert Elis

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Aaron Beck

Cognitive Therapy

Ivan Pavlov

Classical Conditioning

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Operant Conditioning

Albert Bandura

Social Learning- learning through observation and imitation without direct experience

Behavior Therapy (Behaviorism)

Behavior is learned and can be learned, relearned, or unlearned through conditioning, reinforcement, and modeling.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Thoughts influence emotions and behaviors. Automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions lead to emotional distress and maladaptive behavior.

Hypnotherapy

Uses hypnosis to access the unconscious mind and promote therapeutic change. Effective for pain control, smoking cessation, anxiety, phobias, and habit disorders.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

People are disturbed not by events themselves but by the irrational beliefs they hold about those events. Changing irrational beliefs changes emotions and behaviors.

Humanistic Psychology- Abraham Harold Maslow

Developed the Hierarchy of Needs and the concept of Self-Actualization.

Person-Centered Therapy- Carl Ransom Rogers

based on empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence.

Existential Therapy- Rollo May

Pioneer of Existential Psychology in America; emphasized freedom, responsibility, anxiety, and meaning.

Existential Psychology- Victor Frankl

emphasized finding meaning and purpose even in suffering.

Existential Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy focusing on death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness

Gestalt Therapy

awareness, the here-and-now, and personal responsibility.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Developed IPT for the treatment of depression by focusing on interpersonal relationships and current life problems

Life Skills Counselling

a psychoeducational approach that teaches practical life skills for coping and well-being

Multimodal Therapy

Therapy using the BASIC I.D. framework (Behavior, Affect, Sensation, Imagery, Cognition, Interpersonal, Drugs/Biology).

Constructivist Approach

Helps clients understand and reconstruct their own reality through reflection and storytelling.

Narrative Therapy

Uses storytelling to help clients understand, separate themselves from, and rewrite their life stories.

Personal Construct Counseling and Psychotherapy

Helps clients identify and change rigid or extreme ways of interpreting experiences (constructive alternatives).

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

A brief, goal-oriented therapy that focuses on clients' strengths and future solutions rather than past problems.