micro disease of skin

what are defenses of the skin? (4)

antimicrobial pepties

sweat

lysozyme

sebum

how many taxa are there in the microbiota according to the HMP?

5

individual number of microbe type is…

in comparison to others number of microbe type is…

stable and different

definition of impetigo

superficial skin infection that causes skin to flake and peel

what bacteria(s) can cause impetigo?

s. aureus and s. pyrogenes

Or a mix of both

what enzymes does s. aureus use for infection? (5)

coagulase, hyaluronidase, staphylokinase, DNase, lipase

why do the enzymes matter for s. aureus in infections? (5)

coagulase: causes blood to clot, may show pathogenicity

hyaluronidase: breaks down hyaluronic acid that keeps joint tissue moist and protective

staphylokinase: interferes with surrounding walls and keeps infectional local

DNase: break down of DNA bonds

Lipase: break down of lipids

what are the adhesive components in s. pyrogenes?

LTA, M protein, hyaluronic acid capsule

what is the prevention and treatment for impetigo?

being hygienic and topical mupriocin

what does SSSS stand for?

Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

definition of SSSS

bacterial infection that breaks down skin and causes desquamation

what bacteria causes SSSS?

s. aureus and its exfoliative toxins A & B

what demographic is SSSS mainly found in? what does this infection mean in this demographic?

mainly in newborns/babies which could from systemic impetigo

what is a landmark of SSSS?

bullous lesions which are open to secondary infections

what is the prevention and treatment for SSSS?

having no contact with infected and antibiotics

definition of gas gangrene

decay of soft tissue from endotoxins of endosporing bacteriawh

what bacteria causes gas gangrene?

clostridium perfringens

what enzymes and toxins are involved in gas gangrene?

alpha toxins causes RBC rupture and tissue destruction

collangenase: break down of collagen

hyaluronidase: break down of hyaluronic acid

DNase: break down of DNA bonds

what is anaerobic celluitis and true myonecrosis in gas gangrene?

Anaerobic celluitis: localized infection

true myonecrosis: spread of infection into healthy tissue

how does somebody get infected with gas gangrene?

endospores from soil, skin, or intenstinal infection typically after trauma or surgery

what is the treatment of gas gangrene?

removal of infected tissue

definition of ringworm

fungal infection in the epidermal tissues

what areas of the body does ringworm affect?(7)

capitis: scalp, hair, eyebrow, eyelash

barbae: chin, beard

corpois: body and skin on smooth areas

crui: male groin

pedis: feet (athlete’s foot)

unguium: nails

what fungus infects in ringworm?

trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton

definition of chickenpox

viral infection that causes red spotting on the skin

what virus causes chicken pox?

human herpesvirus (HHV-3) or varicella zoster virus

prevention and treatment of chickenpox?

vaccination and supportive care

prevention and treatment of ringworm

hygiene and topical antifungal cream

definition of smallpox

viral infection that causes pustules and permanent scarringw

what is variola major/minor in smallpox?

variola major: a highly virulent strain that leads to infection of the bloodstream & intravascular coagulation

variola minor: strain that causes weaker symptoms and less rashing

prevention and treatment of smallpox

vaccination and supportive care

when was the last cause of smallpox?

1978 in a lab facility

definition of shingles

a reactivated infection of the herpes virus (HH3) from chickenpox

where is the virus dormant in shingles?

ganglia

prevention and treatment of shingles

vaccination and supportive care

what can cause shingles to occur?

psychological stress, surgery, and immunosuppressive drugs