Bio - Unit 2 Test

aerobic respiration

the usage of the air to breathe

anaerobic respiration

organisms that don't need air to breathe

monomer

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

polymer

a molecular structure consisting of many monomers

dehydration synthesis

the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released.

hydrolysis

use water to breakdown polymers into monomers

photoautotroph

organisms that make their own food by using the sunlight

chemoautotroph

organisms that make their own food by using chemicals

heterotroph

organisms that get food by eating other organisms

panspermia

theory that life was formed by the "seeds" of life coming from space and the spread across the earth

abiogensis

theory that life was formed spontaneously from inorganic molecules on earth recreating primordial soup

carbohydrates

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

- immediate energy, energy storage, and structure

lipids

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus

long term energy storage, cushions organs, insulates body, growth and development, reproduction, cell communication, cell membrane, and waxes

proteins

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur

enzymes, structural support, transportation, cell communication, controls growth and cell differentiation, defense, movement, storage

nucleic acids

phosphorous, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

form genetic material, useable energy in all cells

amino acids

monomer for proteins

nucleotides

monomer of nucleic acids

endosymbiosis

eukaryotic developed by engulfing chloroplasts and mitochondria

chloroplast

during photosynthesis, uses sun's energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce sugars and oxygen

mitochondria

power house of the cell, uses cellular respiration in sugar to produce ATP

enzymes

speed up the chemical reactions of the cell to biologically useful rates

denaturing

changing the molecular conformation of a protein (enzyme)

nucleic acids

proteins

lipids

carbohydrates

glycogen

the stored form of glucose that's made up of many connected glucose molecules - carbohydrates

phosphodiester bond

bond between phosphate and sugars in nucleic acids

phosphate group

this group in nucleic acids

sugar

this group in nucleic acids

nitrogenous base

this group in nucleic acids

fatty acid

this group in lipids

glycerol

this group in lipids

ester linkage

this bond in lipids

amino group

this group in proteins

carboxyl group (acids)

this group in proteins

glycosidic linkages

this bond in carbohydrates

nucleic acid

proteins

carbohydrates

lipids

proteins

This macromolecule is responsible for building the majority of your structural components, like hair, skin, teeth and bones

the substance on which an enzyme acts

substrate