NUR 111 Developmental Stages and Nursing Approaches

Comprehensive practice flashcards for NUR 111 covering Maslow's hierarchy, Erikson's developmental stages, optimal nursing care approaches across age groups, and older adult health concerns.

What is Maslow's hierarchy in order?

Physiological -> Safety -> Love/Belonging -> Esteem -> Self-Actualization

What needs usually have highest priority in Maslow?

Physiological needs: breathing, food, water, sleep, homeostasis, and elimination.

What stage of Erikson's developmental theory corresponds to Birth-18 months?

Infant -> Trust vs. Mistrust

What is the main developmental goal for an infant?

Trust/security through consistent caregiving and having needs met.

What stage of Erikson's developmental theory corresponds to 18 months-3 years?

Toddler -> Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

What is the main developmental goal for a toddler?

Independence and control: "I can do it myself." Give simple choices.

What stage of Erikson's developmental theory corresponds to 3-6 years?

Preschooler -> Initiative vs. Guilt

What is the main developmental goal for a preschooler?

Purpose and initiative: trying new activities, exploring, and using imagination.

Why does a preschooler think illness is punishment?

Guilt. A preschooler may believe illness happened because they were "bad."

What stage of Erikson's developmental theory corresponds to 6-12 years?

School age -> Industry vs. Inferiority

What is the main developmental goal for a school-age child?

Competence and accomplishment through completing tasks and succeeding.

What stage of Erikson's developmental theory corresponds to 12-18 years?

Adolescent -> Identity vs. Role Confusion

What is the main developmental question for an adolescent?

"Who am I?" Identity, peers, body image, and increasing independence.

What stage of Erikson's developmental theory corresponds to 18-40 years?

Young adulthood -> Intimacy vs. Isolation

What stage of Erikson's developmental theory corresponds to 40-65 years?

Middle adulthood -> Generativity vs. Stagnation

What stage of Erikson's developmental theory corresponds to 65+ years?

Later adulthood -> Integrity vs. Despair

What represents successful development in a young adult?

Intimacy: forming close, loving, committed relationships.

What represents unsuccessful development in a young adult?

Isolation: difficulty forming or maintaining close relationships.

What represents successful development in a middle adult?

Generativity: being productive, caring for others, and contributing to family, society, or the next generation.

What represents unsuccessful development in a middle adult?

Stagnation: feeling unproductive, empty, or as though one is not contributing.

What represents successful development in an older adult?

Integrity: accepting one's life as meaningful and developing wisdom.

What represents unsuccessful development in an older adult?

Despair: regret, hopelessness, or difficulty accepting one's life.

What is the best nursing approach for an infant?

Meet needs consistently, provide comfort and stimulation, maintain routine, and encourage caregiver presence.

What is the best nursing approach for a toddler?

Give simple choices, encourage appropriate independence, and allow parent/caregiver presence.

What is the best nursing approach for a preschooler?

Use simple explanations and play; reassure that illness and procedures are not punishment.

What is the best nursing approach for a school-age child?

Encourage achievement, schoolwork, achievable tasks, and participation in care.

What is the best nursing approach for an adolescent?

Provide privacy, choices, appropriate independence, peer interaction, and participation in decisions.

What is a major older-adult safety concern?

Falls: decreased strength, balance, vision, and reaction time increase risk.

Why are older adults at increased dehydration risk?

Decreased thirst sensation can lead to lower fluid intake.

Why are older adults at increased constipation risk?

GI peristalsis slows with aging, and lower fluid intake can contribute.