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endomysium
connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber
muscle fiber
AKA muscle cell
myofibril
organelles of the muscle responsible for contracting the muscle
perimysium
membrane that covers several muscle fibers to form a bundle
fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium
epimysium
tough connective tissue which binds many fascicles together and covers the entire muscle
tendon
strong
sarcolemma
the muscle cell membrane
smooth muscles
in the walls of hollow organs
skeletal muscles
attached to skeletal muscles
cardiac muscles
make up the heart
incerclated discs
reinforcing tissues that join the branching cardiac muscle cells
functions of muscles
maintain posture
motor unit
one neuron and all the muscle cells/fibers it causes to contract
synaptic cleft
gap between a nerve cell and muscle fiber
neuromuscular junction
the point where the nerve cell reaches the cell membrane of a muscle fiber
neurotransmitter
a chemical that is released from the nerve cell
isometric muscle contraction
muscles do not shorten
isotonic muscle contraction
muscle shortens and body part moves
aerobic exercise
creates stronger
resistance exercise
muscle do increase in size. weightlifting
orgin
where muscle is attached to immovable bone
instertion
attachment of a muscle to a movable bone
flexion
movement that brings two bones closer together
extension
movement that increases distance of bones
hyperextension
extension of a joint with an angle greater than 180 degrees
abduction
moving a limb away from the body
adduction
moving a limb toward the body
dorsiflexion
lifting the foot so its superior surface is approaching the shin
plantar flexion
pointing the toes away from the shin
pronation
when forearm rotates and palm faces posteriorly (backwards)
supination
forearm and palm face anteriorly (forwards)
opposition
when tips of the fingers touch the thumb
anaerobic respiration disadvantages
wastes glucose
oxygen debt
when cells do not get enough oxygen as a result of prolonged activity
antagonists
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Note 
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