Psychiatric Evaluation and Neurologic Basis

Behavioral Medicine

Understanding of normal psychiatric development throughout life

Classification of Psychiatric Disorders

System for categorizing psychiatric disorders in the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) to enhance reliability, communication, insurance, and treatment planning

Advantages of Using a Classification System (DSM-5-TR)

Improved reliability of diagnosis, clarifies history taking, and aids in differential diagnosis

Disadvantages of Using a Classification System (DSM-5-TR)

May limit options by quickly closing off possibilities

Syndrome

A collection of symptoms

Disorder

Disturbance in physical or mental function

Disease

Disorder of structure or function affecting part or all of an organism

Psychiatric Interview Techniques

Includes safety, building rapport, setting boundaries, and ensuring patient-provider confidentiality

Rapport

Relationship that builds trust and understanding with the patient

Boundaries

Guidelines that prevent inappropriate relationships and information sharing between patient and provider

Confidentiality

Maintained on a need-to-know basis to protect patient information

Mood

State or feeling at a specific time

Affect

Expression of mood

Empathy

Ability to understand and share the feelings of another

Transference

Patient transferring feelings from a past person onto the provider

Counter-transference

Provider's unconscious emotional reaction to the patient

Psychiatric Evaluation Components

Include subjective history, past medical history, hospitalizations, social history, and family history

Psychiatric Physical Examination Components

Assessment of mental status, speech, thought process, grooming, dress, affect, alertness, and motor activity

Mental Disorder

Syndrome causing significant disturbance in cognitive function and behavior, leading to distress in daily life

Function of Brain Lobes

Frontal (movement, thinking), Parietal (sensation, reading), Temporal (language, memory), Occipital (vision)

Reward System in Psychiatric Disorders

Motivated by positive reinforcement, increases dopamine levels

Neurotransmitters in Behavior

Serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate influence behavior and are associated with psychological disorders

Genetics in Psychiatric Illness

Studied through family, twin, and adoption studies to determine genetic and environmental influences

Relationship between Genes and Environment in Psychiatric Disorders

Genes predispose individuals to illness, while environmental factors can trigger the onset of diseases