AP AFAM TEST 1

Dynasties

Families of rulers who maintain power over generations.

Pharaohs

The rulers of ancient Egypt, considered both political leaders and divine figures.

Sahel

A semi-arid region south of the Sahara, serving as a transitional zone between desert and savanna.

Trans-Saharan Trade

A network of trade routes across the Sahara Desert that connected West Africa to North Africa and beyond.

Sundiata (Sunjata)

The founder of the Mali Empire, known for military skill and establishing a powerful West African state.

Mansa Musa

A wealthy Mali emperor famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca and demonstrations of West Africa’s riches.

Diaspora

The movement or scattering of a people from their homeland to new regions.

Griot

West African oral historians, storytellers, and musicians who preserved history and traditions.

Syncretism

The blending of different religious, cultural, or belief systems.

Mediterranean Climate Zone – Features

Hot, dry summers; cool, wet winters; uneven rainfall; ~31–40° N/S; occasional freezing temperatures.

Mediterranean Climate Zone – Advantages

Lush land and mainly warm weather.

Mediterranean Climate Zone – Challenges

Inconsistent weather and summer droughts.

Semi-arid/Sahel Climate Zone – Features

Transition between desert and humid climates; low but variable rainfall.

Semi-arid/Sahel Climate Zone – Advantages

Runoff control, biodiversity, improved water quality, livestock grazing.

Semi-arid/Sahel Climate Zone – Challenges

Water scarcity, extreme temps, intense storms, drought-driven land degradation.

Desert Climate Zone – Features

Desert Climate Zone – Advantages

Access to natural resources (gas/coal), low population competition.

Desert Climate Zone – Challenges

Extreme heat, droughts, fires, scarce rainfall, difficulty growing crops.

Tropical Grasslands Climate Zone – Features

Hot most of the year, wet/dry seasons, moderate rainfall for grasslands but not forests.

Tropical Grasslands Climate Zone – Advantages

Supports agriculture, diverse habitats for wildlife/pollinators.

Tropical Grasslands Climate Zone – Challenges

Harsh dry seasons make farming difficult, harm environment.

Tropical Rainforests Climate Zone – Features

Central Africa; 21–30°C; year-round heavy rainfall; dense, biodiverse, humid.

Tropical Rainforests Climate Zone – Advantages

Abundant natural resources (plants, animals, water).

Tropical Rainforests Climate Zone – Challenges

Difficult travel/trade due to dense terrain, dangerous plants/animals.

Ghana – Location

Southeastern Mauritania, western Mali, eastern Senegal.

Ghana – Rise to Prominence

Built Kumbi Saleh as a trade hub along Trans-Saharan routes.

Ghana – Resources

White gold (salt), copper, ivory, kola nuts, animal hides.

Ghana – Fall

Lost gold monopoly, drought, political instability/wars.

Mali – Location

Modern-day Mali-Guinea border.

Mali – Rise to Prominence

Sundiata’s conquests expanded Mali, including former Ghana lands.

Mali – Resources

Gold, salt, ivory, copper, agriculture.

Mali – Fall

Death of Mansa Musa, rise of Songhay, loss of trade routes.

Songhay – Location

Modern Mali, centered on Niger River’s middle reaches.

Songhay – Rise to Prominence

Military conquests and control of Trans-Saharan trade.

Songhay – Resources

Gold and salt.

Songhay – Fall

Internal conflicts, civil wars, invasions, imperial rivalries.

Mossi States

Resisted Mali and Songhay with a centralized government and organized hierarchy.

Copper in Benin

Used to decorate the king’s palace/regalia; unlike other states, not primarily for trade.

Democracy in Early States

Benin and Mossi used separation of powers and elections to balance authority and protect people’s voices.

Abrahamic Religions in Africa

Blended Islamic or Christian beliefs with indigenous practices to preserve traditions.

Ancient Egypt – Controversy

Seen as “controversial” due to Euro-American reclassification of Egyptians’ race after discovering their achievements.

Climate Change in NE Africa

Drought forced people closer to the Nile, increasing population density and conflicts.

Egypt & Nubia Relationship

Traded and influenced each other, but also raided and enslaved one another’s people.

West vs. East Africa Records

West Africa had nomadic/agricultural societies, while East Africa had settled civilizations; desert migration left fewer records in the West.

Bantu Populations

Spread languages/technology widely, shaping future African ethnic groups.

Do you want me to also add in the W6, W8, and W10 source evaluation flashcards (Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage, Queen Nzinga, syncretism, etc.) so that everything from your files is included in one giant Unit 1 set?

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Awesome — let’s bring it all together. Below is a complete Unit 1 Quizlet set with all flashcards from: vocab, climate zones, Ghana–Mali–Songhay, and the source evaluations (W6, W8, W10). It’s formatted for Quizlet import with Question

Answer.

✅ Full Unit 1 Quizlet Flashcards (Import Format)

Dynasties

Families of rulers who maintain power over generations.

Pharaohs

The rulers of ancient Egypt, considered both political leaders and divine figures.

Sahel

A semi-arid region south of the Sahara, serving as a transitional zone between desert and savanna.

Trans-Saharan Trade

A network of trade routes across the Sahara Desert that connected West Africa to North Africa and beyond.

Sundiata (Sunjata)

The founder of the Mali Empire, known for military skill and establishing a powerful West African state.

Mansa Musa

A wealthy Mali emperor famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca and demonstrations of West Africa’s riches.

Diaspora

The movement or scattering of a people from their homeland to new regions.

Griot

West African oral historians, storytellers, and musicians who preserved history and traditions.

Syncretism

The blending of different religious, cultural, or belief systems.

Mediterranean Climate Zone – Features

Hot, dry summers; cool, wet winters; uneven rainfall; ~31–40° N/S; occasional freezing temperatures.

Mediterranean Climate Zone – Advantages

Lush land and mainly warm weather.

Mediterranean Climate Zone – Challenges

Inconsistent weather and summer droughts.

Semi-arid/Sahel Climate Zone – Features

Transition between desert and humid climates; low but variable rainfall.

Semi-arid/Sahel Climate Zone – Advantages

Runoff control, biodiversity, improved water quality, livestock grazing.

Semi-arid/Sahel Climate Zone – Challenges

Water scarcity, extreme temps, intense storms, drought-driven land degradation.

Desert Climate Zone – Features

Desert Climate Zone – Advantages

Access to natural resources (gas/coal), low population competition.

Desert Climate Zone – Challenges

Extreme heat, droughts, fires, scarce rainfall, difficulty growing crops.

Tropical Grasslands Climate Zone – Features

Hot most of the year, wet/dry seasons, moderate rainfall for grasslands but not forests.

Tropical Grasslands Climate Zone – Advantages

Supports agriculture, diverse habitats for wildlife/pollinators.

Tropical Grasslands Climate Zone – Challenges

Harsh dry seasons make farming difficult, harm environment.

Tropical Rainforests Climate Zone – Features

Central Africa; 21–30°C; year-round heavy rainfall; dense, biodiverse, humid.

Tropical Rainforests Climate Zone – Advantages

Abundant natural resources (plants, animals, water).

Tropical Rainforests Climate Zone – Challenges

Difficult travel/trade due to dense terrain, dangerous plants/animals.

Ghana – Location

Southeastern Mauritania, western Mali, eastern Senegal.

Ghana – Rise to Prominence

Built Kumbi Saleh as a trade hub along Trans-Saharan routes.

Ghana – Resources

White gold (salt), copper, ivory, kola nuts, animal hides.

Ghana – Fall

Lost gold monopoly, drought, political instability/wars.