SAMPLE COMMENTARY OF THE INTONATION OF EXPRESSIVENESS This utterance is emotionally coloured so I’ve pronounced it as a compound tune with the combination of : 1. High Rise + High Rise 2. Low Rise + Fall 3. Fall + Fall-Rise 4. Fall + Fall 5. Fall-Rise + Fall to give/ to express 1. a feeling of surprise / incredulity (gen. questions) 2. a feeling of mystification / puzzlement (questions); persuasiveness / expostulation, strong disapproval, disagreement / protest (statements); wonderment (exclamations) 3. special emphasis / an apologetic note (statements); a note of reproach (imperatives) 4. emphasis / contrast; insistence (sp. + gen. questions), dogmatism (statements), energy (imperatives), extra emphasis (exclamations) 5. emphasis/ contrast

Coordinative Relation

A relationship where adjacent parts have a relatively equal degree of semantic importance and independence.

Subordinative Relation

A kind of relationship where one part depends on the other and requires obligatory continuation or has more important information.

Mutual Dependence

A relationship where two parts are equally important as far as the informational message is concerned, yet neither can be isolated.

Tonal Reduplication

A feature of coordinative relations where the nuclear tones in both groups are similar.

Nuclear Tone

The main pitch direction in an intonation group that conveys the semantic weight of that part of the utterance.

Prosody

The patterns of stress and intonation in speech that reflect semantic relations between parts of an utterance.

Pitch Interval

The difference in pitch levels between nuclear tones, significant for determining semantic prominence.

Prenuclear Part

The part of an intonation group that precedes the nuclear tone.

Pitch Height

The relative level of the voice during speech which can affect the perception of emphasis.

Contrastive Comparison

A characteristic of mutual dependence where adjacent groups maintain a balance through contrasting tones.