Monosaccharides.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNP2jrm2iMo

What are examples of carbohydrates

Sugars and starch

Structure of the sugar glucose

It has a ring shape, the formula of glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆.

All carbs including glucose contain only carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Glucose only contains six carbons

Its also a single sugar molecule

What are sugars with six carbon atoms called

Hexose sugars

Whats a monosaccharide

A single sugar molecule.

e.g glucose, galactose and fructose

Key feature of monosacccharides

They are soluble in water

They have a large number of OH groups (hydroxyl groups)

These groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, and because of this monosaccharides are soluble in water, they are hydrophilic

Whats hydrophilic

Water loving, hydrophilic molecules all dissolve in water

What are pentose monosaccharides

Contain 5 carbon atoms e.g ribose