Nutrition Concepts and Strategies: Ch. 7

Role of a CPT regarding Nutrition

Can address:

• General nutrition

• Weight loss/gain

• Misinformation

Must refer:

• Disease/Disorders

• Complex questions

Licensure w/o exclusive scope of practice

The specific activities a CPT can perform are NOT strictly defined and may overlap w/ other licensed professionals.

Role of a CPT regarding Nutrition

Can address:

• General nutrition

• Weight loss/gain

• Misinformation

Must refer:

• Disease/Disorders

• Complex questions

Licensure w/o exclusive scope of practice

The specific activities a CPT can perform are NOT strictly defined and may overlap w/ other licensed professionals.

Title protection

You may not advertise or practice with any protected title (e.g.

Dietary Intake Data Collection (3)

1. Diet Recall

   1. past 24 hours

2. Diet Records

   1. 3-day journal

   2. Most valid, but recording may limit intake and skew results. Only for most motivated clients.

3. Diet History

   1. Medical history, allergies, likes/dislikes, lifestyle (e.g. Veganism)

RMR Calculation

3.5 mL/kg/min of O2

• Convert mL O2 to L O2 (divide by 1000)

• Convert L O2 to calories (multiply by 5)

• Cancel out kg with BW of client

  • Convert min to days (multiple by 1440)

RMR is 60-75% of TEE for all but manual laborers and athletes in heavy training.

TEE Calculation

RMR x Activity Rate

• Sedentary/Lightly Active: x1.40-1.69

• Moderately Active: x1.70-1.99

• Vigorously Active: x2.00-2.40

Start at 1.40, go up by 0.3, 0.3, 0.4. Total range is equal to 1.0.

Function of Carbohydrates

Carbs are the main source of immediate energy. They prevent the use the protein as fuel and allow for the burning of fat.

Glycemic Index

A measure of how fast carbs enter the bloodstream (and consequentially how strong the Insulin response will be).

• Glucose = 100 GI

  • absorbed instantly

Relationship of GI to Fat Loss

High GI foods trigger a high insulin response, which encourages fat storage. Low GI foods (whole grain, etc.) therefore are better for fat loss.

AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range)

• Carbs: 45-65%

• Protein: 10-35%

• Fat: 20-35%

RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)

Carbohydrate/Protein equation for Sedentary Adult/Athlete

Carbs

• Average Adult: 3.5 - 5 g/kg

• (Endurance) Athlete: 7 - 10 g/kg

Protein:

• Average Adult: 0.8 g/kg

• Athlete: 1.4 - 2.0 g/kg

• Resistance Athlete/Weight Loss: 1.6 - 2.2 g/kg

Electrolytes

• Sodium

• Potassium

• Calcium

• Magnesium

• Chloride

Water Intake Before, During, and After Exercise

Before

• 4 hours: 5-7 mL/kg

• 2 hours: 3-5 mL/kg

During

• 10-30 minute intervals

After

• 20-24 oz/lb of weight lost

• or 150% of fluid lost (1.5 L water/kg lost)

Weight Gain caloric increase

350-700 cal/day

Weight Loss caloric decrease

500 cal/day

Although the growth of muscle will increase body weight, clients concerned with weight loss should remember that

Fat loss (as a % of body weight) is most important

Most fad diets restrict caloric intake incidentally. The most important thing to consider about these are:

Nutritional (not caloric) restrictions

Energy Availability

Whether or not sufficient energy is available to meet energy demands of exercise and normal physiological function.

(Energy (kcal) consumed - energy (kcal) burned during exercise) / fat free weight

Adaptive Thermogenesis

A natural physiological response to energy deficit (weight loss) that downregulates (slows down) metabolic function. Hormonal and physiological function may also decrease.

This makes weight loss slower for a time.

RED-S

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

The state of maintaining weight under the effects of adaptive thermogenesis in sports. Recognized as a disorder by the IOC.

S/S of RED-S

• eating disorders/disordered eating

• extreme weight loss methods

• very low RHR or BP

• loss of 10% of BW in a single month

• Irregular changes in menstrual cycle

• Low iron markers

• Low bone mineral density

• BMI <17.5

• energy availability <30 kcal/kg

STUDY QUESTION

Which of the following is within the personal trainer’s scope of practice regarding nutrition information to a client?

A. Help a client with disease caused by nutrition

B. Convey general nutrition knowledge

C. Offer medical nutrition

D. None; nutrition is outside the scope of a personal trainer

B. Convey general nutrition knowledge

STUDY QUESTION

Which of the following is not realistically attainable by a personal trainer to estimate energy requirements of a client?

A. direct measurement of energy expenditure of all physical activity

B. log of all food and drink intake

C. estimated activity level

D. estimated resting energy expenditure

A. Direct Measurement

STUDY QUESTION

What is defined as “the average daily nutrient requirement adequate for meeting the needs of most healthy people within each life stage and sex”?

Recommended Dietary Allowance

STUDY QUESTION

An intake of ___ kcal above nonresistance training energy requirements for maintenance may be needed to support a 1-pound (0.5 kg) weekly gain in lean tissue.

350-500

STUDY QUESTION

Which of the following is not a dietary recommendation?

A. Focus on solutions rather than problems.

B. Commit to long-term dietary tracking

C. There is no “right way to eat”

D. The diet should match the individual’s preferences, lifestyle, training goals, and budget

B. Commit to long-term dietary tracking

Female Athlete Triad

3 S/S to lookout for nutritional/caloric deficiency in female athletes.

1. Low Energy Availability

2. Menstrual Dysfunction

3. Low Bone Density

Reverse Anorexia Nervosa

Muscle Dysmorphia

Low GI vs. High GI Standards

• Low: <55

• High: >70