Class/MOA for Midterm

What is the class and MOA of atoravastatin?

What is the class and MOA of atoravastatin?

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; competitively inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate

What is the class and MOA of ezetimibe?

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor; inhibits absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine

What is the class and MOA of Colsevelam?

Bile acid sequestrant; binds with bile acids in the intestine to form an insoluble complex that is eliminated in the feces

What is the class and MOA of Fenofibrate?

Fibric acids; activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, which increase lipolysis and elimination of triglyceride-rich particles from plasm

What is the class and MOA of Nicain?

Antilipemic; not well-defined MOA, may involve partial inhibition of release of free fatty acids from adipose tissues

What is the class and MOA of Omega-2-ethyl-esters?

Omega 3’s ; reduction in the hepatic production of triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoproteins

What is the class and MOA of furosemide?

Loop diuretic; decreases sodium reabsorption by competing for the chloride site on the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop

What is the class and MOA of spironolactone?

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA); competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubule, increasing sodium chloride and water excretion

What is the class and MOA of Triamterene/Hydrochlorothiazide?

Potassium-sparing diuretic/Thiazide diuretic combination; produces mild diuresis, and increases sodium, water, and chlorde excretion

What is the class and MOA of Tolvaptan?

Vasopressin antagonist; antagonizes the effect of vasopressin and causes and increase in urine water excretion

What is the class and MOA of lisinopril?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi); competitive angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, that prevents stimulation of the angiotensin II receptor.

What is the class and MOA of Valsartan?

Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB); selective, reversible competitive antagonist of angiotensin II receptor.

What is the class and MOA of amlodipine?

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (DHP CCB); inhibits calcium ions from entering slow channels of vascular smooth muscle during depolarization leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation

What is the class and MOA of Diltiazem?

Non-Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (Non-DHP CCB); inhibits calcium ions from entering slow channels of vascular smoother muscle and myocardium during depolarization

What is the class and MOA of chlorthalidone?

Thiazide diuretic; increases sodium, water, and chloride excretion by blocking reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

What is the class and MOA of diphenhydramine?

1st generation antihistamine; competes with histamine-1 for receptor sites, blocks histamine-1 release. Due to poor selectivity, also have CNS effects and anticholinergic effects

What is the class and MOA of Ceterizine?

2nd generation antihistamine; competes with histamine-1 for receptor sites, blocks histamine-1 release. More selective for periphery receptors involved in allergic reactions

What is the class and MOA of fluticasone nasal?

Intranasal Corticosteroid (INS); anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, vasoconstrictive

What is the class and MOA of pseudoephedrine?

Decongestants; stimulates alpha-1 and beta- adrenergic receptors leading to vasoconstriction and some bronchodilation

What is the class and MOA of Guaifenesin?

Expectorant; thins and loosens bronchial secretions (mucus), promoting lower respiratory tract drainage and removal of mucus

What is the class and MOA of dextromethorphan?

Cough suppressant; depresses the cough center in the medulla oblongata

What is the class and MOA of Benzonatate?

Cough suppressant; anesthetizes stretch receptors in respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura to reduce couh reflex

What is the class and MOA of latanoprost?

Prostaglandin Analogues; Dilates vessels and increases the outflow of aqueous humor which reduces intraocular pressure.

What is the class and MOA of brimonidine?

Alpha agonist; relatively selective for alpha-2 receptors which reduces aqueous humor production and increases its outflow to decrease intraocular pressure

What is the class and MOA of timolol?

Beta Blocker; Blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors which reduces the intraocular pressure by reducing the aqueous humor production.

What is the class and MOA of loteprednol?

Corticosteroids; inhibit the inflammatory response including edema, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, and scar formation

What is the class and MOA of cyclosporine?

Calcineurin Inhibitors; inhibits the immune response and limits inflammation.

What is the class and MOA of albuterol?

Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA); stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

What is the class and MOA of tiotropium?

Long-acting antimuscarinic antagonists (LAMA); inhibition of M3-receptors at the bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation

What is the class and MOA of fluticasone?

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS); reduction and prevention of airway inflammation.

What is the class and MOA of fluticasone/salmeterol?

Inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-2 agonist (ICS/LABA); anti-inflammatory and bronchodilation

What is the class and MOA of ipratropium/albuterol?

short-acting muscarinic antagonist/short-acting beta-2 agonist (SAMA/SABA); antagonist of the muscarinic receptor and stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airway, which leads to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

What is the class and MOA of montelukast?

Leukotriene receptor antagonist; binds leukotriene receptors to inhibit their effect which results in bronchodilation.

What is the class and MOA of Epinephrine?

Anaphylaxis; Alpha and beta agonist which leads to increased bp, cardiac output, and improved breathing.

What is the class and MOA of omeprazole?

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI); irreversibly blocking the hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme system of the gastric parietal cells.

What is the class and MOA of famotidine?

Histamine type 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA); blocks histamine H2 receptor on the parietal cell

What is the class and MOA of Sucralfate?

Mucosal protectant; forms a complex by binding with positively charged proteins in exudates, forming a viscous paste-like, adhesive substance.

What is the class and MOA of promethazine?

antiemetic; inhibit dopaminergic, histaminic, and muscarinic activity in the CTZ

What is the class and MOA of prochlorperazine?

Antiemetic; inhibit dopaminergic, histaminic, and muscarinic activity in CTZ

What is the class and MOA of metoclopramide?

Antiemetics; dopamine antagonist, enhances response to acetylcholine in upper GI tract and blocks signals to CTZ to trigger vomiting

What is the class and MOA of ondansetron?

Antiemetic; 5-HT3-receptor antagonist which blocks serotonin, both in the gut and centrally in the CTZ

What is the class and MOA of diphenoxylate/atropine?

Anti-diarrheal; Opiate derivative – works on μ and δ receptors in the gut
Atropine solely to reduce abuse potential

What is the class and MOA dicylcomine?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome; anticholinergic blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in smooth muscles

What is the class and MOA of linaclotide?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Agonizes guanylate cyclase-C on the luminal
surface of intestinal epithelium

What is the class and MOA of lubiprostone?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Cl- channel activator which increases intestinal fluid and improves fecal transit

What is the class and MOA of rifaximin?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

What is the class and MOA of polyethylene glycol?

for constipation; osmotic agent that pulls water into the stool

What is the class and MOA of apixaban?

Factor XA-inhibitor; selective inhibitor of factor Xa which decreases thrombin generation and thrombus development

What is the class and MOA of dabigatran?

Direct thrombin inhibitors; competitive, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor which blocks conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin

What is the class and MOA of Enoxaparin?

Low molecular weight heparin; potentiates antithrombin leading to decreased transformation from prothrombin to thrombin and inactivates factor Xa

What is the class and MOA of Warfarin?

Vitamin K antagonist; Prevents the conversion of vitamin K back to its active form from vitamin K epoxide.

What is the class and MOA of clopidogrel and prasugrel?

P2Y12 inhibitors; irreversibly and directly inhibits ADP binding to receptor sites, inhibiting subsequent activation of the glycoprotein IIB/IIIa complex

What is the class and MOA of ticagrelor?

P2Y12 inhibitors; reversibly and allosterically inhibits ADP binding to receptor sites. Inhibiting subsequent activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex.

What is the class and MOA of dipyridamole/acetylsalicyclic acid?

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor.

Dipyridamole: Inhibits the uptake of adenosine into platelets, endothelial cells, and erythrocytes resulting in an increase in local concentrations of adenosine, which is a coronary vasodilator and a platelet aggregation inhibitor
Aspirin: Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversible inhibition of platelet
cyclooxygenase and thus inhibits the generation of thromboxane A2
(TXA2)

What is the class and MOA of allopurinol?

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor; decrease uric acid production

What is the class and MOA of febuxostat?

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor; decrease uric acid production

What is the class and MOA of colchicine?

Antigout agent; unknown MOA, but may interfere with crystal deposition in joint tissues

What is the class and MOA of methotrexate?

Antimetabolite (antifolate); reversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and blocks DNA synthesis, repair, and cell replication

What is the class and MOA of azathioprine?

Immunosuppressant; halts DNA synthesis through incorporation into replicating DNA, also blocks purine synthesis

What is the class and MOA of hydroxychloroquine?

Anti quinoline; unknown MOA, may inhibit locomotion of neutrophils and chemotaxis of eosinophils, impairs immune reactions.

What is the class and MOA of entanercept?

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi); recombinant DNA-derived protein which binds to soluble human TNF and blocks its interaction with its receptor

What is the class and MOA of prednisone?

Glucocorticoids; upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins and downregulates the expression of proinflammatory proteins

What is the class and MOA of anastrozole?

Aromatase inhibitor; blocks conversion of androgens into estrogen required for tumor growth

What is the class and MOA of Tamoxifen?

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM); competitively binds to estrogen receptors on tumors, inhibiting tumor growth

What is the class and MOA of tacrolimus?

Calcineurin inhibitor; inhibits immune response and limits inflammation

What is the class and MOA of epoetin and Darbepoetin?

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA); Binds to the erythropoietin progenitor cells, stimulating production/differentiation of mature red blood cells.

What is the class and MOA of glipizide and glimepiride?

Sulfonylureas; stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells

What is the class and MOA of Repaglinide?

Meglitinides; stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells

What is the class and MOA of metformin?

Biguanides; decrease glucose from the liver and increase peripheral muscle glucose sensitivity.

What is the class and MOA of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone?

Thiazolinediones (TZDs); decreases peripheral muscle glucose sensitivity and decrease glucose output from liver

What is the class and MOA of linagliptin, saxagliptin, and sitagliptin?

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors; binds to and inhibits DPP-4 enzyme resulting in prolonged incretin hormone levels

What is the class and MOA of dapagliflozin and canagliflozin?

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors; inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules which reduces the reabsorption of filtered glucose (increase in urinary excretion of glucose)

What is the class and MOA of dulaglutide, Liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists; binds to human GLP-1 receptor which augments glucose dependent insulin secretion and slows gastric emptying

What is the class and MOA of insulin glargine and insulin degludec?

Basal (long-acting) insulin; insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins

What is the class and MOA of alendronate?

Bisphosphonates; binds to bone hydroxyapatite and inhibits osteoclast activity.

What is the class and MOA of raloxifene?

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM); binds to estrogen receptors, resulting in activation of estrogenic pathways in some tissues (agonism) and blockage of estrogenic pathways in others (antagonism)

What is the class and MOA of levothyroxine?

Synthetic thyroxine (T4); T4 is a synthetic form of thyroxine, an endogenous hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.

What is the class and MOA of Thyroid?

Desiccated thyroid; naturally derived thyroid placement containing both levothyroxine (T4) and liothyronine (T3)

What is the class and MOA of potassium iodide?

Antithyroid agents; inhibits the release of thyroid hormones via direct effect on thyroid gland.