History Midterm Flashcards Part 1

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and eras of history and historiography from GE 2.

History

often seen as a collection of true facts about the past.

Historia

Greek noun that means to inquire or research

Historian

people who study, examine, document, etc. the past and history

Philippine Historiography

is the study of how history has been written, recorded interpreted and

change over time.

7 Eras of Philippine Historiography

1. Early Historical Writing (Pre-colonial)

2. Spanish Colonial Period (16th Century)

3. Philippine Nationalistic Historiography (19th - Early 20th Century)

4. American Colonial Period (1898-1946)

5. Post-Independence Historiography (1946)

6. Marxist and Postcolonial Critiques

7. Contemporary Historiography

Early Historical Writing (Pre Colonial)

The historical information and cultural records created by native, ancient Filipinos before foreign colonizers arrived in the Philippines.

Oral Traditions

Traditions transferred from one generation to another orally.

Folk Epic

chanted poems about heroes.

Baybayin

Writing system during Pre Colonial Period

Spanish Colonial Period

The era of historical writing that began in the 16th century with the

arrival of the Spaniards, where history was documented by foreign

colonizers

Philippine Nationalistic Historiography

An approach to writing history that emerged in the 19th and

early 20th centuries, written by Filipinos who wanted to reclaim

their own identity.

American Colonial Period

1898-1946. The era of history writing influenced by the United States occupation, where historical research shifted toward Western academic standards and professional styles.

Post Independence Historiography

The era of historical writing that began after the Philippines

gained its independence in 1946, where local historians took full

control of researching their own country's past.

Marxist and Post Colonial Critiques

An approach to history that emerged in the latter half of the 20th century, which uses critical social and political theories to re-examine the past.

Contemporary Historiography

The most recent and modern phase of historical writing in the Philippines, which focuses on diversifying research methods and expanding historical topics.

Relevance of History

1. It promotes self-understanding.

2. It helps assess current values and achievements by comparing it with the past.

3. It develops tolerance by teaching people to accept differences.

4. It helps resolve current social and personal problems by doing the 1 - 3.

5. It fosters nationalism by creating a sense of unity among people.

Winston Churchill's Quote

Those who do not learn from History are doomed to repeat it.

How do historical sources help historians?

Reconstruct past events

Understand people’s experiences

Examine historical claims

Produce evidence-based interpretations of history

3 types of Historical Sources

Written, Material, and Traditional Sources

Types of Written Sources

Literary Sources

Official Records

Personal Documents

Government Publications

Types of Material Sources

Money and Couns

Weapons

Church Bells

Tools

Buildings

Artworks and Artifacts

Types of Traditional Sources

Folklore, Oral Traditions, and Folk Epics

Types of Folklore

stories, beliefs, customs, and traditions.

Types of Oral Traditions

cultural messages, histories, and beliefs that are transmitted verbally.

Folk Epic

a long narrative poem that came from an oral tradition.

Primary Sources

is an original source that provides direct or firsthand evidence about an event, person, object, idea, or period

Secondary Sources

is an account created by someone who did not directly participate in or witness the event.

Criticism/Source Criticism

It means carefully examining a source to check if it is true, reliable, and useful.

2 types of Source Criticism

Internal and External Criticism

Internal Criticism

focuses on the information found inside the document.

External Criticism

examines the authenticity or genuineness of a historical source.