6.1 physical and cognitive development in adolescence

Onset of adolescence is

marked by puberty

Puberty age

10 girls finishing around 16 (great growth 8 to 13) and 12.5 boys finishing around 18 (testes and scrotal sac 9.5 to 13.5) Add on 50% of adult body weight

Puberty domino effect

hormones being released trigger development of secondary sex characteristics. Sends GnRH to pituitary (hypothalamus) —> releases FSH, LH (pituitary) —> increases production of sex hormones ( blood stream)

Hypothalamus

key regualatory center in brain, monitoring body heat, water, and nutrient levels, glads and hormones. produces GnRH (gonadatropini releasing hormones) beginning in middle childhood. Ramos up after and is associated with leptin.

Leptin levels

increases and triggers hypothalamus to start greater GnRH production. Supported by evidence that underweight individuals not achieving puberty and overweight individuals being more likely to start early

GnRH reaches pituitary

stimulates production of gonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone FSH and luteinizing hormone LH), FSH stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles and sperm production. LH triggers production of sex hormones, androgens, and estrogens into blood stream

Sex hormones are responsible of

secondary characteristics like breast development, pubic hair, testicular growth, and males have more androgens and females more estrogens

Spermarche

sperm emission, 13

Menarche

first menstrual period, 12.5

Secular trend

decreaseing age at which girls experience their first period

Who develops puberty first

African American (less likely to experience negative effects) —> hispanics —> European —> asian

Early maturing girls

higher risk of problems like early sexual activity, eating disorders, and poor body image. Stop and start grow spurt before others, attract romantic attention at young age, dissatisfied in figures

Early maturing boys

social advantages, successful relations with peers, positive self image, prone to at risk behaviors, treated like adults

Late maturing girls

not enjoying having boyish figure, pychosocial effects, increase fat distribution, less at risk for body image problems

Late maturing boys

at risk for social and behavioral problems if physical attributes results in being rejected from peers

Anorexia subtype 1 restricting

weight loss due to diet and/or exercise

Anorexia subtype 2 binge eating/ purging

binge eats and purges significantly low body weight, dieting and purging

Bine eating disorders

binge eating without compensatory behaviors as purging or strenuous exercise