AI CRJ final

Examine evidence and known samples separately before comparison

ACE-V Analysis

Side-by-side comparison of class and individual characteristics

ACE-V Comparison

Decision about identification exclusion or inconclusive

ACE-V Evaluation

Independent review by another examiner

ACE-V Verification

Mark left when a tool contacts an object

Toolmark

Permanent change in shape after force is applied

Plastic deformation

Scratches caused by sliding contact

Scoring

Complete unit of ammunition

Cartridge

Projectile fired from a gun

Bullet

Ignition component that starts firing

Primer

Chemical that burns to create gas pressure

Propellant

Tube the bullet travels through

Barrel

Area that holds the cartridge

Chamber

Pin that strikes the primer

Firing pin

Spiral grooves that spin the bullet

Rifling

Diameter of the barrel or bullet

Caliber

Mark left by the firing pin on the primer

Firing pin impression

Marks transferred from the breechface

Breechface marks

Difference between marijuana and hemp based on THC level

THC concentration

Initial screening test that suggests presence of a drug

Presumptive test

Definitive test that identifies a drug

Confirmatory test

Separation technique using stationary and mobile phases

Chromatography

Technique that measures mass-to-charge ratios

Mass spectrometry

Technique that measures absorption of infrared light

Infrared spectroscopy

Drugs with high abuse and no medical use

Schedule I drugs

Drugs with accepted medical use but high abuse risk

Schedule II drugs

Study of drugs and poisons in the body

Forensic toxicology

Samples taken after death

Postmortem

Samples taken before death

Antemortem

Blood sample commonly used after death

Femoral blood

Eye fluid resistant to decomposition

Vitreous humor

Breath reflects blood alcohol due to equilibrium

Henry’s law

Common breath alcohol sensor

Fuel cell

Presumptive blood test using oxidation

Kastle-Meyer test

Blood test that glows in the dark

Luminol test

Test to determine if blood is human

Precipitin test

Screening test for semen

Acid phosphatase test

Basic unit of DNA

SNucleotide

A pairs with T and C pairs with G

Base pairing

DNA sequence coding for a trait

Gene

Structure carrying genetic information

Chromosome

Different versions of the same gene

Allele

Cell division for growth

Mitosis

Cell division for sex cells

Meiosis

DNA regions used for forensic profiling

STR

Technique to copy DNA

PCR

Method to separate DNA by size

Gel electrophoresis

Multiply allele frequencies to get profile frequency

Product rule

Probability a random person matches a DNA profile

Random match probability

DNA passed through maternal line

Mitochondrial DNA

Y chromosome DNA for paternal lineage

Y-STR

Rapid oxidation producing heat and light

Combustion

Subsonic explosive burning

Deflagration

Supersonic explosive reaction

Detonation

Chemical breakdown caused by heat

Pyrolysis

Lowest temperature at which ignition occurs

Flashpoint

Sudden full-room ignition

Flashover

Very sensitive initiating explosives

Primary explosives

Main explosive charge

Secondary explosives

Explosives that detonate

High explosives

Explosives that burn

Low explosives