Chapter 2b Water, Energy, and Carbon

Solvent

Liquid in which something is dissolved

Solute

Something dissolved in a liquid

Solution

Liquid with something dissolved in it

Hydrophobic

"Water-fearing"

Hydrophilic

"Water-loving"

Cohesion

Water molecules being attracted to each other

Adhesion

Water molecules being attracted to other charged or polar substances

Surface tension

"Skin" on the surface of water due to cohesion

Specific heat

Amount of heat required to raise 1 g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Heat of vaporization

Amount of heat required to cause 1 g of a substance to turn into a gas

Acid

Substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions when added to water

Base

Substance that decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions when added to water

pH scale

A negative logarithmic scale that approximates the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

pH

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Buffer

A solution that resists changes in pH

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions taking place in a cell

Entropy

A measure of the disorder in a system

Heat energy

Energy of molecules moving

Chemical energy

Energy stored in chemical bonds

Organic molecule

Molecule that contains carbon

Hydrocarbon

Molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen

Potential energy

Stored energy that is not actually being used to do work

Kinetic energy

Energy that is doing work

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The universe is going to greater entropy