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voter turnout at 2024 uk general election
60%
what is digital democracy
electronic platforms can engage and secure the wider and more informed participation of the public in the political environment. e.g e petitions
How many MP’s have been recalled since the law was introduced in 2015
3
approximate percentage of female MP’s in UK Parliament today?
35%
How can citizens participate in government apart from voting?
Running for MP in political parties, protesting, e- petitions, organise campaigns.
how has franchise been extended in 1900s?
-1918 men over 31, women over 30
-1923 men and women over 21
1969 men and women over 18
-2029 men and women over 16.
why are pressure groups good for democracy
enhance participation- enable involvement between elections especially for underrepresented.
represent diverse interest- give voice to minorities often ignored by political parties
educate public- raise awareness+ shape public opinion.
hold government accountable- scrutinise gov and influence gov decisions
provide expertise- improve legislation.
arguments pressure groups are bad for democracy
unequal influence- wealthy groups can dominate policy discussion.
Lack of accountability- group leaders are unelected and unaccountable
passive participation- does not always equal true democratic engagement.
distruptive tactics- civil disobedience can undermine lawful democratic processes
elitism- insider groups get privileged access to power, e.g Tony Blair Institute.
explain different approaches of opinions on pressure groups
Pluralist approach- power dispersed in society and diversity encouraged democracy, encourages.
Corporatist- bring pressure groups into process of gov, close links (1960s-70s strong corporatism.
New Right approach- sees pressure groups as selfish+ not representative of society at large.
Marxist approach- see control being excercised by ruling economic group. Pressure groups relatively insignificant unless powerful economically.