Urinary System and Electrolytes Practice Questions

What is not a major function of the kidney?

regulation of blood cell size

What are major functions of the kidney?

• regulation of blood ionic composition

• regulation of blood volume

• regulation of blood pH

• regulation of blood pressure

This is the formation of a new glucose molecule: glycolysis, gluconeogensis, glucosamine, calcitriol

gluconeogenesis

Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys? urea, glucose, insulin, cholesterol

urea

This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the sitrate

reabsorption

The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water?

65%

Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in an ____ of blood _____

increase, pH

An analysis of physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine called

urinalysis

Water accounts for what percentage of total volume in urine?

95%

How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid? 1/3, 2/3, 99%, 50%

2/3

Which of the following makes up the largest single component of the human body? skin, water, blood, organs

water

Which of the following is produced when electrons are accepted by oxygen during aerobic respiration? anions, cations, metabolic water, lipids

metabolic water

Which of the following occurs when water loss is greater than water gain? dehydration, formation of angiotensin II, increase of ADH release

dehydration

The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT include

dehydration

Which of the following is the main factor that determines water loss? defection, sweating, urination, evaporation through skin

urination

Which of the following is used to promote no reabsorption by the kidneys? ADH, ANP, aldosterone, parathyroid hormone

aldosterone

Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys? ADH, ANP, aldosterone, parathyroid hormone (2 correct)

ADH and aldosterone

The major hormone that regulates water loss is

ADH

Water intoxication results from

dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids

Which of the following is a function of an electrolyte in the body? controlling osmosis, maintaining acid-base balance, carry electrical currents, serve as cofactors, all the above

all the above

In extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is: Na, Cl, K, HPO4, HPO3

Na

In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is: Na, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, iron, Cl

Cl

PTH, calcitriol, and calcitonin are the main regulators of

calcium homeostasis in the blood

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body? Na, calcium, magnesium, phospahte

calcium

Buffer systems, exhaling CO2, and excretion by the kidneys are all

ways of controlling H+ levels in the body

Which of the following is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35? isodosis, acidosis, alkalosis, alkalemia

acidosis

Inadequate exhalation of CO2 can cause

blood pH to drop

Describe the negative feedback loop that stimulates thirst as a result of dehydration

→ dehydration causes:

• decreased blood volume which lowers BP → activating osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, stimulating thirst and prompting water intake

• decreased blood volume which increases the release of renin and levels of angiotensin II

• decreased saliva causes drying of the mouth and pharynx

• water gets reabsorbed by the kidneys

• all this together stimulates thirst centres telling you to drink water

• once you drink fluids that resolves the feedback loop

Someone is outside in the summer heat and not drinking enough fluids and replace water lost to sweat. How will the body respond to avoid dehydration?

• blood volume and pressure decreases, Na lost in sweat as well

• causes kidneys to release renin which activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to increased reabsorption of sodium and water, stimulating thirst, and promoting fluid intake

• aldosterone causes increase in Na uptake into the kidneys and water follows

• ADH causes reabsorption into the kidneys