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anthropology
The study of humankind in all times and places.
holistic perspective
The various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence.
ethnocentrism
The belief that the ways of one’s own culture are the only proper ones.
culture bound
A perspective that produces theories about the world and reality that are based on the assumptions and values from the researcher’s own culture.
applied anthropology
The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client.
physical anthropology
the branch of anthropology concerned with the study of human biological and physiological characteristics and their development.
paleoanthropology
The anthropological study of biological changes through time (evolution) to understand the origins and predecessors of the present human species.
biocultural anthropology
An approach that focuses on the interaction of biology and culture
medical anthropology
A specialization in anthropology that brings theoretical and applied approaches from cultural and biological anthropology to the study of human health and disease.
forensic anthropology
The examination of human biological and cultural remains for legal purposes
primatology
The study of living and fossil primates.
cultural anthropology
The study of patterns in human behavior, thought, and emotions, focusing on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures. Also known as social or sociocultural anthropology.
ethnography
A detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork.
fieldwork
The term anthropologists use for on-location research
participant observation
In ethnography, the technique of learning a people’s culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied, as well as interviews and discussion with individual members of the group over an extended period of time.
ethnology
The study and analysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic accounts and developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups.
linguistic anthropology
The study of human languages—looking at their structure, history, and relation to social and cultural contexts.
archaeology
The study of cultures through the recovery and analysis of material remains and environmental data.
historical archaeology
The archaeological study of places for which written records exist.
bioarcheology
The archaeological study of human remains—bones, skulls, teeth, and sometimes hair, dried skin, or other tissue—to determine the influences of culture and environment on human biological variation.
culture shock
the feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes.
molecular anthropology
The anthropological study of genes and genetic relationships, which contributes significantly to our understanding of human evolution, adaptation, and diversity.
cultural resource management
A branch of archaeology concerned with survey and/or excavation of archaeological and historical remains that might be threatened by construction or development; also involved with policy surrounding protection of cultural resources.
globalization
Worldwide interconnectedness, evidenced in rapid global movement of natural resources, trade goods, human labor, finance capital, information, and infectious diseases.