Ancient Greece Lecture Notes

Flashcards about Ancient Greece

What did the ancient Greeks call themselves?

Hellenes

What Latin word does the word 'Greek' derive from?

Graecus

Ancient Greece is often called the 'cradle of __'

Western civilisation

Name three things Western society owes to the ancient Greeks.

Democracy, drama, and the Olympic Games

Where was Ancient Greece located geographically?

South-eastern Europe

What sea was Ancient Greece located around?

Aegean Sea

What seas contained the many islands that were part of Ancient Greece?

Mediterranean and Aegean Seas

What geographical features made travelling difficult in Ancient Greece?

Mountains and unnavigable rivers

Mountains and hills cover nearly what fraction of Greece?

Nearly three-fourths

Which part of Greece has more land suitable for farming?

Eastern Greece

What peninsula has farmlands and excellent natural harbors in Ancient Greece?

Attica

Describe the climate of Ancient Greece

Hot and dry summers and wet and windy winters

Name some crops grown in Ancient Greece.

Wheat, barley, olives, and grapes

What were the two most popular materials for clothing in Ancient Greece?

Wool and linen

Where did wool come from?

Sheep

Where did linen come from?

Egypt

What was the typical garment worn by women in Ancient Greece?

Peplos

Describe the peplos.

A long tunic fastened around the waist with a belt

What was the tunic worn by men in Ancient Greece called?

Chiton

When Greek children wore clothing, what was it usually?

Loin cloth

For the ancient Greeks, a beautiful body was direct evidence of having what?

A beautiful mind

Men were expected to be athletic and masculine, which granted them the ability to do what?

Protect city-states

What did food in Ancient Greece consist of?

Grains, wheat, barley, fruit, vegetables, breads, and cakes

Most Greeks were what occupation?

Farmers

Which animal did the ancient Greeks keep for milk and cheese?

Goats

Name some vegetables commonly eaten by Greeks.

Asparagus, fennel, cucumbers, and celery

Name some popular fruits eaten in Ancient Greece.

Figs, raisins, apples, pears, pomegranates, grapes, and dates

Name some nuts that were a common part of the Greek menu.

Hazelnuts, walnuts, and chestnuts

As most of the Greeks lived very near the sea, they also ate a lot of what?

Fish, squid, and shellfish

Perhaps the most important food to the ancient Greeks was the _

Olive

Olives were crushed for their oil, which was used for what?

Lamps

Olive oil could also be used as a what?

Beauty product

According to a Christian writer of the second century, how many gods did the Greeks have?

365

The ancient Greeks had what?

Numerous gods who embodied or controlled various natural and social forces

Which god personified the sea?

Poseidon

Which goddess filled her worshippers with love?

Aphrodite

Where did the twelve chief gods reside?

Mount Olympus

Who was the supreme god in the Greek pantheon?

Zeus

Who was Zeus' wife?

Hera

How did ancient Greeks attempt to establish good relationships with the gods?

Sacrificing animals or agricultural goods

When were sacrifices offered to the Olympian gods?

Dawn

Where were sacrifices offered?

An altar outside the temple

Citizens born in Athens were in the highest social class, called _.

Athenians

Which group of people in Athens did the menial tasks?

Slaves

Who was at the bottom of the social hierarchy in Athens?

Slaves

Spartan society was largely structured around the ___.

Military

Name the four social structures in Sparta

Spartiates, Mothakes, Perioikoi, Helots

In Sparta, who were the Spartan citizens who enjoyed full rights?

Spartiates

Which group in Sparta were non-Spartan, free men raised as Spartans?

Mothakes

In Sparta, who were free, but non-citizen inhabitants?

Perioikoi

In Sparta, who were the state-owned serfs?

Helots

What is the name of this topic?

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece is sometimes called the ‘cradle of Western __’

Civilisation

Where geographically was ancient Greece located?

South-eastern Europe

Farmlands in Eastern Greece can be found on the peninsula of

Attica

Linen, a popular material for clothing worn by ancient Greeks, came from _

Egypt

Children of Ancient Greece would wear _ when they wore clothing

Loin cloth

Most Ancient Greeks ate a diet that was almost _

Vegetarian

According to a Christian writer, the Greeks had _ gods.

365

The Greek pantheon were thought to reside atop Mount _

Olympus

What was the lowest social class in Ancient Greece?

Slaves

Name two major city-states in Ancient Greece.

Athens and Sparta

What sea significantly influenced ancient Greek civilization?

Aegean Sea

Describe the typical summers in Ancient Greece.

Hot and dry summers

What was the benefit of wool when used for clothing?

Warm and good for the winters

The Ancient Greek men were expected to be athletic and masculine, which granted them the ability to _

protect city-states

What did Ancient Greeks used to goats for?

Milk and Cheese

Which vegetable played a significant part in Greek history?

Olive

According to a Christian writer of the _ century, the Greeks had 365 gods.

Second

Name a Greek good who had power on earth, who controlled the seas.

Poseidon

Spartan Society was mostly structured around _

Military trining

True or False: Ancient Greek is sometimes called the ‘cradle of Western civilisation’.

True

Greece’s __mainland and mostly unnavigable rivers made travelling difficult.

Mountains

_ were grown, and olives and grapes were harvested.

Wheat and barley

The typical garment worn by women in Ancient Greece was a long tunic called the _

Peplos

The Greeks most likely had brown eyes, _ hair and _ skin.

Dark

_ were a huge part of the Greek diet.

Vegetables

Perhaps the most important food to the ancient Greeks was the _

Olives

_, the goddess of love, could fill her worshippers with love.

Aphrodite

The Main way Ancient Greeks attempted to get on good terms with god's was to serfice to the gods.

Olympian

There were four main social classes of people within _.

Athens

Ancient Greece is sometimes called the ‘cradle of Western __.

Civilization

Much of ancient Greece territory surrounded what sea?

Aegean Sea

Most Greeks were __, and they ate the food that they grew.

Farmers

Where did wool and Linen come form?

Wool (animal based) was made from the fleeces of local sheep. Linen from flax (plant based), came from Egypt

Who in Ancient Greece generally wore a tunic called a chiton?

Men

Perhaps the most important __ to the ancient Greeks was the Olive.

Olive

was the supreme god!

Zeus

Spartan society was largely structured around the , and around military training.

Military

What religion consisted of 365 gods?

Ancient Greek

What is the other word for theatre?

Drama

What physical characteristics cover nearly three-fourths of Greece?

Mountains and hills

True or False: Eastern Greece has more land suitable for farming.

True

Most homes in ancient Greece had slaves to take on these _tasks.

Meninal

True or False: The lower class of people were just one step above the Spartiates

False

The main way in which ancient Greeks attempted to establish good relationships with the gods was by sacrificing .

Animals

Inhabitants were classified as Spartiates (___ citizens, who enjoyed full rights).

Spartan

The ancient Greeks didn’t call themselves Greeks; they called themselves __.

Hellenes

Why is Ancient Greece is sometimes called the ‘cradle of Western civilisation’?

The debt that Western society owes to the early Greeks.

Ancient Greece territory surrounded the __.

Aegean Sea