ch 6 study guide - muscle contractions and structure and fibers

review the 3 main types of muscle tissues from Ch 4

smooth, skeletal, cardiac

what is a muscle fiber equivalent to

a single cell, or myocyte

what attaches a muscle to bone

describe the structure of a muscle from large to smaller structures: muscle, fascicles, muscle fiber, myofibrils, sarcomeres, myofilaments 

what is the contractile unit of a muscle

what two proteins are sarcomeres made up of

what two proteins are sarcomeres made up of

what are the repeating units of a myofibril 

which protein in a sarcomere has heads on it that can be used for attachment (think golf clubs)

explain muscle contraction from beginning to end in order

what is the role of acetylcholine in muscle contraction? calcium? myosin? ATP?

what is a cross bridge? what molecules allows crossbridges to be made and broken 

where does calcium come from in the muscle fiber/cell? (where is it stored)

what molecule does calcium bind to and what is the result

in the sliding filament model of muscle contraction does the movement of actin or myosin actually shorten the sarcomere so that the muscle fiber shortens?

explain muscle relaxation

name the two types of muscle fibers. what is used for endurance? quick bursts of energy?

compare muscle fibers for the following function: type of respiration mainly used, rate of ATP breakdown, # of blood vessels, # of mitochondria, amount of myoglobin, storage of glycogen or oxygen and color

what gives slow-twitch fibers their dark colors

explain how the muscle fibers are different in birds like turkeys and ducks by looking at the breast and leg muscles based on how they live

understand and explain the different amount of slow and fast twitch fibers found in Matt and Hannah 

explain what happened to the gastrocnemius and coleus when you did the foot raises. 

anaerobic training increases the size, mass and strength of a muscle. what is increasing in the muscle cells that allows this to occur in this type of training 

when you aerobically train what are you increasing in your muscles and your muscle cells 

why is cardiac muscle striated like skeletal muscle is? why does smooth mush look striated (stripes and lines) under a microscope