Taxonomy_Review_Key

What is the largest category in Linnaeus' classification system?

Kingdom

Who developed the two-name system for classifying organisms? What is the name of that system?

Linnaeus; Binomial nomenclature

What is the genus name for all maple trees?

Acer

All members of kingdom Protista are __________.

eukaryotic

Fungi are __________ organisms.

heterotrophic

All members of the plant kingdom are __________.

multicellular

In what kingdom would you place a newly discovered single-celled organism with a nucleus and chloroplast?

Protista

Eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall made of chitin belong to which kingdom?

Fungi

An organism's scientific name consists of its __________ and __________.

genus; species.

The two kingdoms that are made up of prokaryotes are __________ and __________.

Archaea; Bacteria.

Which characteristic is unique to plants but not present in animals?

Cell walls.

What is a special trait used to construct a cladogram?

Derived character.

What is a branch of a cladogram consisting of a common ancestor and its descendants called?

A clade.

Which kingdom does not have cell walls?

Animalia.

What characteristic can be used to classify an organism as bacteria?

Prokaryotic (lack a nucleus).

List the levels of classification from broadest to most specific.

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

For black bears and polar bears to be in the same family, they must also be in the same __________.

order.

What are the six kingdoms?

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria.

What does the illustration below represent?

Cladogram.

What derived character led to the development of salamanders?

Four legs.

In which organelle is light energy used to produce simple sugars?

Chloroplasts.

The site of testosterone production in an interstitial cell is the __________.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

What does Structure X in the diagram synthesize?

Proteins.

In order for a cell to digest a substance stored in a vesicle, the vesicle must fuse with a __________.

lysosome.

Which structure controls the cell's activities?

Nucleus.

At some point, all cells have DNA and a __________.

Cell membrane.

What distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?

The presence of a nucleus.

In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes carrying DNA are found in the __________.

Nucleus.

The organelles that break down molecules into small usable units are called __________.

Lysosomes.

Which of the following are autotrophs?

Plants.

In addition to light and chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires __________ and __________.

Water; carbon dioxide.

The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll __________.

Reflects green light.

The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is called __________.

Cellular respiration.

Which organisms perform cellular respiration?

All of the above (Mushrooms, Fern, Polar Bear).

What is the function of a ribosome?

Makes proteins.

What is the role of the Golgi?

Receives products of the ER, processes them, and packages for export.

Identify if each structure is only in eukaryotes or found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes: cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, golgi, nucleus, cytoplasm, DNA.

Cell membrane, ribosome - found in both; Mitochondria, Golgi, nucleus - only in eukaryotes; Cytoplasm, DNA - found in both.

How do autotrophs differ from heterotrophs in obtaining energy?

Autotrophs make their own food; heterotrophs consume other organisms.

Write the basic equation for photosynthesis.

CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2.

What role do plant pigments play in photosynthesis?

Capture the sun's energy.

Write the chemical equation and word equation for cellular respiration.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O; glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water.

Give one function of a vacuole.

Stores materials.

What is one role of the nucleus?

Contains DNA and controls cell activities.

What is one role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Makes and transports proteins.