biology Transport across a cell membrane

Solute

The substance being dissolved in a solvent

Solvent

The substance dissolving the solute

Solution

Mixture of solute and solvent

The cell is a …..

Open system

Permeable

Can pass through

Semi permeable

Can choose things that pass through based on size and change

Concentration gradient

Areas that have a different amount of something

Passive transport

Substance moves down the concentration gradient without using energy

Active transport

Substance moves up the concentration gradient with energy required

3 types of active transport

Protein mediated, endocytosis, exocytosis

Endo

Enter

Exo

Exit

Protein mediated

Uses protein to transport

Endocystosis

When molecules enter the cell.

How does endocytosis work

Cell membrane folds around the substance and produces a vesicle that moves through the cytoplasm

Phagocytosis

Solid molecules (eating)

Exocytosis

Moves towards the cell membrane then binds and releases material outside the cell

Diffusion

Movement of solute in a permeable membrane

Osmosis

Movement of solvent in a semi permeable membrane

Pinocytosis

Liquid droplets (drinking)

Facilitated diffusion

Needs carrier protein and channel protein

Carrier protein

Transports large molecules

Channel protein

Transports ions

Tonicity

Describe the amount of solute in a solvent and compares to another part of the solution

Types of tonicity

Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic

Hypertonic

High amount of solute in the solution

Hypotonic

Low amount of solute in a solvent

Isotonic

Equal amount of solute in a solvent

Water moves from…

Hypotonic to Hypertonic

Best conditions for animal cells is when its

isotonic

Best conditions for planet cells is when its

Hypotonic or Isotonic

Surface Area increases

Volume increases

What is Surface Area to Volume ratio

The efficiency of the cell

Cells want a ____ Surface area

Large surface area

Cells want a large surface area because

The cell is able to interact with it’s surroundings more effectively

Cells want a _____ Volume

High

Cells want a low volume because

Things would be able to get around more easily