Nutrition and Fertility Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nutrition and fertility, including effects of various nutrients and conditions on reproductive health.

Body Fat

Excess body fat increases estrogen, androgens, and leptin, causing menstrual irregularities, anovulation, and sperm production issues.

Low Iron Intake

Linked to ovulatory infertility; women who supplement with iron have a 60% lower risk of infertility.

Alcohol Consumption

More than one drink per day decreases fecundability by affecting estrogen/testosterone levels and suppressing ovulation.

Periconceptional Nutrient Status

Alters egg/sperm environment and hormone levels; key nutrients include folate, iron, antioxidants, and zinc.

Hormonal Contraceptives

Combination contraceptives may lower HDL and raise LDL, glucose, insulin, and inflammation; progestin-only contraceptives can cause weight gain and reduced bone density.

Insulin Resistance in Obesity

Leads to excess testosterone, disrupting egg maturation.

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea

Caused by being underweight, reduces estrogen, FSH, LH, and leads to anovulation and delayed conception.

High Insulin Levels

Lower sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) which increases free testosterone and impairs ovulation.

PCOS Nutritional Management

Focuses on weight loss, low-GI foods, balanced carbs, and nutrients like vitamin D, omega-3s, and chromium for insulin sensitivity.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Uncontrolled PKU in mothers leads to high phenylalanine which can cause microcephaly and cognitive delays in the fetus.

Celiac Disease

Untreated celiac leads to nutrient malabsorption, causing amenorrhea, miscarriage, and infertility; a gluten-free diet can restore fertility.

PMS Symptoms

Include bloating, cramps, mood swings, and fatigue; supplements like calcium, magnesium, B6, and chasteberry may reduce symptoms.