Music Theory and Ensemble Types: Classical, Jazz, and Instrument Families

A cappella

Singing without instrumental accompaniment.

Amp (Amplifier)

Device that increases sound volume from an instrument or microphone.

Falsetto

Higher "head voice" used by male singers above their normal range.

Freelancing

Working independently as a musician (no single employer).

Movement

A self-contained section of a larger musical work (like a symphony).

Patronage

Financial support for composers from royalty, church, or wealthy people.

Theremin

Electronic instrument played without touch, using hand movements in air.

Timbre

Tone color or unique sound quality of an instrument or voice.

Vibrato

Small pitch variation that adds warmth and expressiveness to a tone.

Virtuosic

Showing exceptional technical skill or brilliance.

Band

Large group with wind, brass, and percussion instruments (no strings).

Chamber ensemble

Small group (2-10 players), one per part.

Choir

Group of singers, with or without accompaniment.

Combo

Small jazz or pop group with rhythm section.

Duo

Two performers.

Trio

Three performers.

Quartet

Four performers.

Quintet

Five performers.

Orchestra

Large ensemble with strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.

Art songs

Vocal music.

Character pieces

Keyboard music.

Concertos

Orchestral music.

Fugues

Keyboard music.

Gregorian chant

Vocal music.

Marches

Band music.

Operas

Vocal music.

Sonatas

Chamber music.

Symphonies

Orchestral music.