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IUPAC naming, hydrocarbons, substituents, and functional groups

Last updated 6:49 PM on 9/1/26
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47 Terms

1
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CH4 parent name

methane

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CH3CH3 parent name

ethane

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CH3CH2CH3 parent name

propane

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CH3(CH2)2CH3 parent name

butane

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CH3(CH2)3CH3 parent name

pentane

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CH3(CH2)4CH3 parent name

hexane

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CH3(CH2)5CH3 parent name

heptane

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CH3(CH2)6CH3 parent name

octane

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CH3(CH2)7CH3 parent name

nonane

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CH3(CH2)8CH3 parent name

decane

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how many carbons in methane?

C1

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how many carbons in ethane?

C2

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how many carbons in propane?

C3

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how many carbons in butane?

C4

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how many carbons in pentane?

C5

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how many carbons in hexane?

C6

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how many carbons in heptane?

C7

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how many carbons in octane?

C8

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how many carbons in nonane?

C9

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how many carbons in decane?

C10

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alkane (-ane/ -an)

single bond btwn carbons

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alkene (-ene/ -en)

double bond btwn carbons

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alkyne (-yne)

triple bond btwn carbons

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<p>methyl group</p>

methyl group

carbon attached to three hydrogens (CH3)

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<p>ethyl group</p>

ethyl group

CH2CH3

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<p>n- propyl group</p>

n- propyl group

3 carbon groups attached to an end carbon: CH3CH7

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<p>isopropyl </p>

isopropyl

(“Y”) shape formation; 3 carbon group attached to an end carbon: -CH(CH3)2

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<p>n- butyl group </p>

n- butyl group

a four carbon alkyl substituent: -CH4H9

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<p>sec-butyl group </p>

sec-butyl group

four carbon alkyl substituent with a hydrogen removed from the secondary carbon

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<p>isobutyl group</p>

isobutyl group

four carbon alkyl substituent (“Y” formation)

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<p>ter-butyl group</p>

ter-butyl group

four carbon alkyl substituent (“T” foramtion)

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alcohol (-ol)

oxygen attached to an R group and a hydrogen

<p>oxygen attached to an R group and a hydrogen </p>
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ether (-yl)

an oxygen attached to two R groups

<p>an oxygen attached to two R groups </p>
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carboneal group

a central carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to two R groups on either side

<p>a central carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to two R groups on either side</p>
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aldehyde (-al)

has a carbon chain (R) on one side of the carboneal group

<p>has a carbon chain (R) on <strong>one </strong>side of the carboneal group</p>
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ketone (-one)

has carbon chain (R) on both sides of the carboneal group

<p>has carbon chain (R) on <strong>both </strong>sides of the carboneal group</p>
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carboxylic acid

knowt flashcard image
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which carboxylic acid is this?

ester

<p>ester</p>
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which carboxylic acid is this?

acid chloride

<p>acid chloride</p>
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which carboxylic acid is this?

anhydride

<p>anhydride</p>
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which carboxylic acid is this?

amide

<p>amide</p>
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<p>name this functional group </p>

name this functional group

amine

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<p>name this functional group</p>

name this functional group

nitrile (a.k.a cyano-group)

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<p>name this functional group</p>

name this functional group

benzene

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<p>name this functional group</p>

name this functional group

ethylbenzene

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<p>name this functional group</p>

name this functional group

2-phenylhexane

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functional groups by #ing priority

  1. carboxylic acids

  2. aldehydes

  3. ketones

  4. alcohols

  5. alkenes (double bonds)

  6. alkynes (triple bonds)

  7. alkanes (single bonds)