CHEM261: Unit 1

primary C (1°)

bonded to 1 C

Secondary C (2°)

bonded to 2 C’s

Tertiary C (3°)

bonded to 3 C’s

Quaternary C (4°)

bonded to 4 C’s

alcohol

(R—OH); classified by degree of C bearing -OH group

amine

(R—NH_2, R2NH, R3N); classified by # of alkyl groups directly attached to N

benzene

constitutional (structural) isomers

Same molecular commonly named formula, different connectivity

methane

C1

ethane

C2

propane

C3

butane

C4

carbonyl group

vinyl group

alkyl group

phenyl group

benzyl group

Alkane

Phenol

Alkene (internal)

R = R

alkene (terminal)

R = H

alkyne (internal)

R (triple bond) R

alkyne (terminal)

R (triple bond) H

nitrile

ether

epoxide

thiol

carboxylic acid

ester

amide

aldehyde

ketone

pyridine

primary alkyl halide

secondary alkyl halide

tertiary alkyl halide

primary alcohol

secondary alcohol

tertiary alcohol

primary amine

secondary amine

tertiary amine

propyl

isopropyl

butyl

C₄H₉; alkyl substituent

isobutyl

sec-butyl

tert-butyl