Lecture 15 ATP structure cycle and coupling, Activation energy and enzymes

The core structure of ATP is..

Ribose(sugar)

Adenine( nitrogous base)

Adenosine monophosphate

-lowest G state

-one phosphate

Adenosine diphosphate..(ADP)

-second lowest G state

-two phosphates

Adenosine triphosphate..

-three phosphate

-highest G state

The breaking of …. bonds contain a lot of free energy

phosphoanhydride (covalent bonds) ( only 2)

*bonds occur between

-ATP-ADP

ADP-AMP

Exergonic ATP hydrolysis(breaking bonds)

-G state will decrease

Product: ADP

Energy released from an exergonic reaction can be used to power …

endergonic reaction

Kinetics of a reaction refers..

to the rate a reaction occurs

Rate of a reaction is affected by…

activation energy

Thermodynamics only refers to… …..not about the …… of a reaction

-whether energy is released or absorbed

-rate

Activation energy is…..

the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Reaction with a high activation energy occur….

slowly

Reactions with a low activation energy occur..

fast

What is the significance of catalysts?

-lower activation energy

-increase the rate of reactions

Enzymes are…

biological catalysts

Enzymes are important due to their ability to…

-stress chemical bonds(easier to break)

-Hold reactants in favorable orientations

ATP hydrolysis

Input: ATP+H2O

Output:ADP +Pi

ATP synthesis

Input: ADP+Pi

Output: ATP +H2O