HAP_12e_Lecture_Ch_17_Accessible (1)

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25 Terms

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Functions of Blood
Transport, Regulation, and Protection.
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Transport Functions of Blood
Delivering nutrients and oxygen to body cells, transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination, and transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs.
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Regulatory Functions of Blood
Maintaining body temperature, pH, and adequate fluid volume in circulatory system.
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Protective Functions of Blood
Preventing blood loss through clot formation and preventing infection via agents of immunity.
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Components of Blood
Consists of plasma and formed elements (blood cells and platelets).
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Erythrocytes
Red blood cells (RBCs) that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Leukocytes
White blood cells (WBCs) that are involved in immune response.
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Platelets
Cell fragments involved in the clotting process.
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Plasma
The fluid component of blood that contains water, solutes, proteins, and nutrients.
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Hematocrit
The percentage of blood volume that is made up of red blood cells.
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Erythropoiesis
The production of red blood cells in the red bone marrow.
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Erythropoietin (EPO)
A hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells.
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Anemia
A condition where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is too low.
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Polycythemia
An abnormal excess of red blood cells, increasing blood viscosity.
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Hemostasis
The process that prevents and stops bleeding.
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Coagulation
The formation of blood clots; reinforcing platelet plugs with fibrin.
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Fibrinolysis
The process of removing a blood clot after healing.
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Agglutinogens
Antigens on red blood cells that can trigger an immune response.
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Universal Donor
Type O blood that has no A or B antigens.
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Universal Recipient
Type AB blood that has both A and B antigens.
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Leukemia
A type of cancer characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
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Hemophilia
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a deficiency in clotting factors.
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Blood Doping
An illegal method used by athletes to increase oxygen-carrying capacity by artificially inducing polycythemia.
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Differential WBC Count
A test that measures the percentage of different types of white blood cells in the blood.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
A comprehensive blood test that assesses various components of blood including formed elements and hematocrit.