Pathophysiology Principles

pathophysiology

• study of disease and injury

• changes in physiology of the body

pathology

laboratory study of cells and tissues

disease

• disruption in homeostasis

• mental, physical, social

homeostasis

• tendency to maintain an equilibrium

• steady state of internal chemical and physical conditions

• in the body:

normal ranges in body

7.35-7.45

what homeostatic functions occur when your body temperature falls

• Blood vessels constrict so that heat is reserved

• Sweat glands do not secrete fluid

• Shivering generates heat which warms the body

what homeostatic functions occur when your body temperature rises

• Blood vessels dilate, resulting in heat loss

• Sweat glands secrete fluid

• As the fluid evaporates, heat is lost from the body

intrinsic factors that can lead to disease

• over/underproduction of insulin

• genes

• immunity

• age

• gender

extrinsic factors that can lead to disease

• bacterial (can be intrinsic or extrinsic) or virus or fungi which live outside the body, but when they enter the body, it causes problems

• bacteria

• viruses

• injury

• behaviors

• stressors

signs are ____, while symptoms are_____

objective, subjective

process of disease

identification, occurence, diagnosis, etiology, prognosis

etiopathic

name for disease that we don’t knwo why or what is causing it

etiology

cause of disease

prognosis

likelihood of recovery path of the disease

stages of disease

• exposure and incubation

• onset

• remission

• convalescence

incubation period

Time between infection and appearance of first symptoms(Hours to years)

onset

• sudden - acute, started all at once (asthma, heart attack)

• insidious - slow and gradual (slow GI bleed)

• latent - disease not active but lies awake (chickenpox)

• prodromal - ‘feeling’ person is about to get sick, signs that something is brewing

• manifestations - signs and symptoms

remission of disease

disease no longer active

convalescence

gradual recovery from disease

types of disease

• idiopathic - unknown cause, might have theories but don’t know

• iatrogenic - caused by some treatment, medical cause

• exacerbation - worsening of disease, acute decline in person’s chronic disease (asthma attack)

hypo-

below, under

hyper-

above, over

-penia

deficiency

-cytosis

cells or increase in cells

-osis

process or condition, production or increase, invasion or infection

-itis

inflammation

-pathy

problem of disease or suffering

tachy-

rapid

brady-

slow

question to ask if someone has a cough

• acute or chronic

• allergies

• smoking

• medications

• sputum production or dry

• other symptoms

assessments if person has a cough

lungs and heart

common cough symptoms

• pain

  • headache

• swelling/edema

• fever

• fatigue

• weight loss