Pathophysiology Principles

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34 Terms

1

pathophysiology

  • study of disease and injury

  • changes in physiology of the body

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2

pathology

laboratory study of cells and tissues

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3

disease

  • disruption in homeostasis

  • mental, physical, social

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4

homeostasis

  • tendency to maintain an equilibrium

  • steady state of internal chemical and physical conditions

  • in the body:

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5

normal ranges in body

7.35-7.45

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6

what homeostatic functions occur when your body temperature falls

  • Blood vessels constrict so that heat is reserved

  • Sweat glands do not secrete fluid

  • Shivering generates heat which warms the body

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7

what homeostatic functions occur when your body temperature rises

  • Blood vessels dilate, resulting in heat loss

  • Sweat glands secrete fluid

  • As the fluid evaporates, heat is lost from the body

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8

intrinsic factors that can lead to disease

  • over/underproduction of insulin

  • genes

  • immunity

  • age

  • gender

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9

extrinsic factors that can lead to disease

  • bacterial (can be intrinsic or extrinsic) or virus or fungi which live outside the body, but when they enter the body, it causes problems

  • bacteria

  • viruses

  • injury

  • behaviors

  • stressors

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10

signs are ____, while symptoms are_____

objective, subjective

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11

process of disease

identification, occurence, diagnosis, etiology, prognosis

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12

etiopathic

name for disease that we don’t knwo why or what is causing it

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13

etiology

cause of disease

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14

prognosis

likelihood of recovery path of the disease

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15

stages of disease

  • exposure and incubation

  • onset

  • remission

  • convalescence

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16

incubation period

Time between infection and appearance of first symptoms(Hours to years)

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17

onset

  • sudden - acute, started all at once (asthma, heart attack)

  • insidious - slow and gradual (slow GI bleed)

  • latent - disease not active but lies awake (chickenpox)

  • prodromal - ‘feeling’ person is about to get sick, signs that something is brewing

  • manifestations - signs and symptoms

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18

remission of disease

disease no longer active

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19

convalescence

gradual recovery from disease

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20

types of disease

  • idiopathic - unknown cause, might have theories but don’t know

  • iatrogenic - caused by some treatment, medical cause

  • exacerbation - worsening of disease, acute decline in person’s chronic disease (asthma attack)

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21

hypo-

below, under

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22

hyper-

above, over

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23

-penia

deficiency

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24

-cytosis

cells or increase in cells

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25

-osis

process or condition, production or increase, invasion or infection

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26

-itis

inflammation

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27

-pathy

problem of disease or suffering

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28

tachy-

rapid

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29

brady-

slow

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30

question to ask if someone has a cough

  • acute or chronic

  • allergies

  • smoking

  • medications

  • sputum production or dry

  • other symptoms

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31

assessments if person has a cough

lungs and heart

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32

common cough symptoms

  • pain

    • headache

  • swelling/edema

  • fever

  • fatigue

  • weight loss

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