3PM3 Chapter 11 (Introduction to CNS)

What is the CNS made up of

1. Brain
2. Spinal Cord

Brain Organization (4 parts)

1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain stem
4. Diencephalon

Which is the oldest part of the brain

Brain stem

What is the brain stem composed of, explain each

1. Midbrain: eye movement, visual and auditory reflexes
2. Pons: relay info b/t cerebrum and cerebellum, monitoring sleep, falling down sensation
3. Medulla Oblongata: spinal cord enters skull, relays info b/t spinal cord and cerebrum,
- controls: cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory func
- regulates reflexes: swallowing, coughing, vomiting

Explain the Cerebrum

- Largest part of the brain
- responsible for higher intellectual abilities
- folds maximize surface area
- contains cell bodies axons
- split into right and left hemispheres
- outer layer --> gray matter --> cerebral cortex
- inner layer --> white matter --> bc of myelin (fat)
- No pain receptors in brain

What are the four parts of the Cerebrum and what do they do

1. Frontal lobe: muscle movement, , motor speech, abstract thinking, problem solving
2. Parietal lobe: sensory --> touch, pressure, pain, temp, vibration
- spatial processing, orientation manipulation
- cortical humunculus (what the brain thinks we look like if we didn't have vision)
3.Temporal Lobe: hearing, memory, learning, language func, damage, categorization
- Amnesia (anterograde vs retrograde)
- HM case
4. Occipital lobe: Vision and seeing stars

What is the Dicephalon and what does it contain?

contains:
1. hypothalmus: ANS control, sleep/wake cycles, endocrine sys, homeostasis, emotional resp
2. pituitary gland: master gland
3. pineal gland: internal clock --> releases melatonin
4. thalmus: 80% of Dicephalon, sorts and relays info from periph to parietal lobe

Basal Ganglia

- distinct gray matter deep in cerebrum
- coordinates movement
- degeneration of neurons --> parkinsons

Limbic System

- Controls emotions (Amygdala) and memory (hippocampus)

Cerebellum

- mini brain
- main func include
- coordination muscle movements (not initiate)
- maintain balance
- maintain posture

Spinal Cord

- collection of nerve axons that travel to and from brain

what does afferent and efferent mean

Afferent: to brain
Efferent : From brain

What drugs act on the spinal cord

Anesthetics, Analgesics, muscle relaxants

What surrounds the brain and spinal cord and acts as cushioning

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)