Vocab in use 43 the letter of the law

to contravene a law /tə ˌkɒntrəˈviːn ə lɔː/ / contravension

(нарушать закон, противоречить закону)

to break a law or rule formally. The company's actions _____________ and they now face a hefty fine.

to infringe a law/rule /tə ɪnˈfrɪndʒ ə lɔː/ /ruːl/ (infridgement)

(нарушать закон/правило, посягать)

to break or fail to obey a law, rule or agreement. Any attempt to _____________ will result in immediate disqualification.

to impeach a president/governor / ɪmˈpiːtʃ / (impeachment)

(объявлять импичмент президенту/губернатору)
to make a formal statement saying that a public official has committed a serious offence. The opposition party decided to _____________ over the corruption allegations.

to lodge an appeal /tə lɒdʒ ən əˈpiːl/

(подавать апелляцию)

to make an official request that a previous judgement should be changed.

The defendant's lawyer advised him to _____________ within the next ten days.

to uphold/overturn a verdict /tə ʌpˈhəʊld / ˌəʊvəˈtɜːn ə ˈvɜːdɪkt/

(оставить в силе / отменить приговор)

to say that a previous decision in court was correct (uphold) or incorrect (overturn).

The higher court decided to _____________ and set the prisoner free.

to pervert the course of justice /tə pəˈvɜːt ðə kɔːs əv ˈdʒʌstɪs/

(препятствовать отправлению правосудия)

to make it difficult for justice to be done by interfering with evidence, witnesses, etc.

The witness was arrested for trying to _____________ by lying under oath.

to quash a conviction /tə kwɒʃ ə kənˈvɪkʃən/

(отменять обвинительный приговор)

to change a previous official decision that someone was guilty, usually annulling it.

New evidence emerged that helped the court to _____________.

to set a precedent /tə set ə ˈpresɪdənt/

(устанавливать прецедент)

to establish a decision which must usually be taken into account in future similar cases.

This ruling is likely to _____________ for future employment disputes.

to annul a(n) agreement/marriage/law /tə əˈnʌl ən əˈɡriːmənt / ˈmærɪdʒ / lɔː/

(аннулировать соглашение/брак/закон)

to declare that it no longer exists and never existed legally. They had no choice but to _____________ due to a technical flaw in the contract.

to allege /təˈledʒ/ that…

to say that someone has done something illegal without giving proof. The prosecution _____________ that the defendant had been at the scene of the crime.

to amend a law /tə əˈmend ə lɔː/

(вносить поправки в закон)

to make formal changes to a law in order to improve it or update it.

Parliament is planning to _____________ to close the existing tax loopholes.

embezzlement / embezzle sth from sth /ɪmˈbezlmənt/

embezzler

(хищение, растрата)

stealing money that belongs to an organisation that you work for.

He was charged with _____________ after millions went missing from the company accounts.

do/practice insider trading/dealing /ˌɪnˈsaɪdə ˈtreɪdɪŋ/ /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

insider traider

(инсайдерская торговля)

illegal buying and selling of shares by someone who has specialist knowledge of a company.

The executive was arrested for _____________ using confidential financial data before the merger announcement.

money laundering /ˈmʌni ˈlɔːndərɪŋ/

money launderer

(отмывание денег)

moving money obtained illegally so that its origin cannot be traced.

The bank was investigated for _____________ on behalf of several international criminal organisations.

perjury /ˈpɜːdʒəri/

perjurer

(лжесвидетельство)

lying when under oath. The witness was sent to prison for committing _____________ during the murder trial.

trespassing /ˈtrespəsɪŋ/

tresspass on smn’s land

(незаконное проникновение на чужую территорию)

going onto someone else's land without permission. The farmer called the police when he caught teenagers _____________ on his private property.

a law- abiding person /ə ˈlɔː əˌbaɪdɪŋ ˈpɜːsən/

(законопослушный человек)

someone who always obeys the law.

He has always been a quiet, _____________, never even getting a parking ticket.;

to take the law into your own hands /tə teɪk ðə lɔː ˌɪntə jɔːr ˈəʊn hændz/

(самому вершить правосудие, самосуд)

to do something illegal to punish someone because you feel the legal system will not punish that person.

Instead of calling the police, the victim decided to _____________ and vandalised the thief's car.

to lay down the law /tə leɪ daʊn ðə lɔː/

(устанавливать жёсткие правила, говорить категорично)

to say with great force what you think should happen.

The new manager called an urgent meeting to _____________ about lateness and dress code.

to be a law unto himself/herself /tə biː ə lɔː ˌʌntə hɪmˈself / hɜːˈself/

(жить по своим правилам, быть самому себе законом)

to behave in a way which is independent and not the way in which most other people behave.

He refuses to follow the company schedule and considers _____________ in everything he does.

conviction for

C2

the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty:

Since it was her first ___________for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.

under oath

под присягой

a promise, especially that you will tell the truth in a law court:

He had taken an_______and would not break it.

to traffic people

human traffickinп

торговля людьми